Antibacterial resistance

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Presentation transcript:

Antibacterial resistance https://www.sciencenews.org/article/scientists-watch-bacteria-evolve-antibiotic-resistance

Read read read, reduce reduce reduce, draw draw draw Carbon cycling Read read read, reduce reduce reduce, draw draw draw

How is carbon cycled? Chains of carbon atoms form the framework of all organic molecules, the building blocks of life

The big C (carbon) what does it do for us? UNUSABLE C at this point Usable C

Long chain for starch, tubers or seeds

Cellulose, lipids and proteins

and proteins

Carbon in water equations

Carbon in water C02 diffuses into water and is used by autotrophs to produce organic compounds (sugar, lipids, proteins) and calcium carbonate. Step 1. Step 2. H+ (increases pH of water, so more CO2 in the air = ?)

In aquatic ecosystems carbon is present as dissolved carbon dioxide, hydrogen carbonate ions and calcium carbonate Step 1 and 2 Step 3. Calcium carbonate

Polyps: reef makers These small marine animals, (individual organisms are called polyps), produce a hard skeleton made of calcium carbonate, where do they get the Carbon? Step 3.

Polyps: reef makers These small marine animals, (individual organisms are called polyps), produce a hard skeleton made of calcium carbonate, where do the get the Carbon? Calcium carbonate

No polyps or foraminifera = no Limestone

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QbVlScV3lLQ Both the polyps and foraminifera generate the calcium carbonate that eventually, in time, under pressure, create limestone This process of taking carbon out of the atmosphere and “locking it up” as a long term storage is called biosequestration We can create this same process of carbon capture called carbon sequestration but it is difficult and expensive at this time

Peat farming

Peat (sustainable?) A water logged soil locations (norther latitudes, amazon river basin, south east asia) to be called peat at least 30% Soil layer that forms peat is called the histosol The water content depresses the oxygen out of the histosol and creates a anaerobic and high pH environment Anaerobic and high pH conditions only allow some organisms grow which limits the breakdown of plant material In time it becomes a dense carbon rich fuel source

Peat, Oil and Gas, where is it from? Under the right conditions peat can also be transformed into coal. Through lithification (?) In time, as sediments accumulate on top and compress the peat deeper and deeper they are exposed to great pressure and heat. This pressure and heat causes the transformation from peat to coal (sediment to rock) The carbon in the peat undergoes transformation to form energy rich long chains of carbon and hydrogen. It is this energy in the C-H bonds that is used when burned.

More Methane in the carbon cycle Methanogens (archaeans): anaerobic conditions, produce methane when the break down nutrients

Draw Draw Draw

Biogas generator

Biofuels Ethanol, biodiesel (fats and oils from pants and animals)