Chapter 3: Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations Period 1- Technological & Environmental Transformations 8000 BCE to c. 600 BCE Focus Questions PowerPoint by Andrew Valerio, Logan Nelson, and Noah Alexander

Question 1: A civilization is multiple times with their own religion, trading, and government The Egyptians started by using simple tools and grew to make gigantic monuments with a language that lasted many generations It was able to develop many cities including a capital, their own currency, the use of hierarchy through pharaohs, nobles and downward

Question 2: Early African societies developed along the Nile river the Nile provided drinkable water, trade routes, and provided fertile soil for agriculture

Question 3: A state is a small section of a civilization The first ruler of unified Egypt was Menes, who founded the capital Memphis He extended the Egyptian state, making all segments of society support him

Question 4: Egypt was able to conquer the costal regions of the Mediterranean as well as a good area of North Africa It was an act to gain control over regions that might have posed threats in the future

Question 5: Some roles that pastoral societies played was that they provided wood and other natural resources because of the lack of natural resources Civilizations near the Nile only had the river as a main resource which they made up with trade from pastoral societies

Question 6: Culture in ancient Egypt provided ways of communication which brought other people to Egypt for trade The culture in ancient Egypt allowed for the creation of their own religions, laws and other ideas They shared their ideas or they intertwined their cultures with other cultures from different empires or pastoral societies

Question 7: Early African societies created many temples and pyramids The temples were used for worshiping gods and for the dedication of Pharaohs The pyramids were used for the burial of pharaohs and their queens

Question 8: The social class that encouraged the development of art was the artisans They painted, sculpted and made other creations in efforts to please their gods and the pharaoh They also made these creations because it was there job and they were paid for it

Question 9: Early African writing were Hieroglyphs because of Mesopotamian influences Hieroglyphs were a pictographic form of writing Wrote on papyrus which flurished along the Nile river

Question 10: Egypt was a hub of knowledge while in its prime Library of Alexandria had accounts and notations like “ The Book of the Dead” and “Book of Coming Forth by Day” These collection of texts written on papyrus scrolls showed magic spells and rituals that would help the dead on their journey The Duat was the Egyptians version of the underworld

Question 11: Early religions that affected the future of Egypt were Hebrew, Vedic, and Zoroastrianism Hebrew came from Israel and Pakistan and it was the first monotheistic religion Vedic religion came from large bodies of text in ancient Egypt and in Hindu scripts Zoroastrianism was a monotheistic religion of pre-Islam of ancient Persia

Question 12: Egypt was special because the Nile sprouted natural trade routes Through these routes they traded supplies, resources and even currency by raft to other cities or towns down the river They would ride camels bearing carts, or in cases as royalty or nobility, slaves would carry them vast distances

Question 13: Social distinctions and hierarchies were made earlier than most societies Gender identities developed as elite women oversaw domestic work and servants, while lower class did the domestic work Elite men worked as scribes or government officials, while lower class men worked as agricultural laborers Both men and women could gain wealth and property, but men were governors of households and the larger society