Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching II. The Grammar-Translation Method Josephine Hsin-Chou Huang Department of Applied English St. John’s University

Introduction to TESOL Methodology Teaching English to speakers of other language. TESL Teaching English as a second language. TEFL Teaching English as a Foreign language. SLA Second language acquisition.

Reviewing the techniques Three kinds questions 1.Find literary article 2.Translation of a literary passage 3.Reading comprehension questions

Reviewing the techniques Seven ways 1.Antonyms/synonyms 2.Cognates 3.Deductive application of rule 4.Fill-in-the-blanks 5.Memorization 6.Use words in sentences 7.Composition

1.Compare Grammar Translation & Integrative Grammar Teaching Briefly state your preference for either of the above two methods & explain the reasons. 2.Lesson Plan 3.Demo Teaching

The EEE (a) Exploration (b) Explanation (c) Expression

The EEE (a) Exploration Inductive Learning 　　All instruction was done in English. (b) Explanation (c) Expression

The EEE (a) Exploration (b) Explanation 　　As students find sequences or patterns in the examples they used during the exploration stage, the teacher or the students can summarize what was previously discovered. (c) Expression

The EEE (a) Exploration (b) Explanation (c) Expression 　　The rationale of this stage is to provide students experience in applying their acquired knowledge in practice by making meaningful utterances.

Global and Integrative tasks & Discrete Structures

Global and Integrative tasks & Discrete Structures 　Communicative language teaching 　Fluency 　CLT (Integrative Grammar Teaching) 　Meaning-Based (*)Discrete Structures

Global and Integrative tasks & Discrete Structures 　Audio-lingual and grammar-translation 　 　Accuracy 　GT (Grammar-Translation) 　Form-Focused

Origin of Grammar Translation Method The theory of German scholars Dominated European & FL teaching from 1840-1940s Also known as Classical Method Help learners to read FL literature Assumption: learner might never use the target language(TL)

Examples & principles Read passage Translate words Work on vocabulary & memorize them No need to use TL Focus on reading & writing; listening & speaking are not trained Teacher as the authority

Examples & principles (2) Look for similarities between L1 & L2 Learning of grammar is important Apply rules to other examples

Techniques Translation Reading comprehension Antonyms/synonyms Cognates Applications Fill-in-the-blanks Memorization Form sentences with learned words Composition