Industrialization and Immigration

Industry and Mechanization Standard parts Mass production Routine labor Low wages Technology

Corporations Andrew Carnegie U.S. Steel (1870s) John D. Rockefeller Standard Oil (1880s) J.P. Morgan Finance, Railroad, U.S. Steel (1900s)

Standard Oil

Railroad 1870s

Railroad 1890s

Social Darwinism and Laissez Faire Theory of capitalism “Free markets” = no government intervention Consumer demand Competition creates innovation and keeps prices low

Inventions Bessemer Process – creates stronger steel Pressure sealed tin cans Alternating currents – Nikola Tesla Technology begins to replace workers

Urbanization Manufacturing brought people into the cities Industrialization = Growth in cities Technological advances: sewage, elevators, piped water, electricity, subways, electric streetcar (1888)

City Life Fast growing Few social services or regulations Tenement buildings – horrible living conditions Ethnically organized – usually by areas of town or neighborhoods

Tenement Housing

Immigration Why did people leave their homes? What were the costs and benefits of moving?

Ellis Island By 1892, most immigrants were screened and processed at Ellis Island By 1900, 50% of immigrants were from Eastern and Southern Europe

Angel Island

Industrialization Immigration

Why did they come to the U.S.? Political and religious freedom Better economic opportunities Gold Rush Encouraging letters from relatives U.S. Government advertisements U.S. business recruitment

Immigration and National Culture Between 1870 – 1910 = 20 million immigrants came to America Bringing with them new cultures (foods, religions, traditions, languages, etc.) Assimilation: We wanted immigrants to forget their old way of life and become AMERICANS. We even offered Americanization schools teaching English and American Culture

Nativism

Closure Give 3 examples of Industrialization and Mechanization. Who were the big three corporate leaders? What were they each the leader of? What effect did industrialization have on cities? What were the two ports immigrants came through? What is assimilation? Write a paragraph explaining the Nativist political cartoon.