PUBLIC SPEAKING: AN OVERVIEW PARTS OF A SPEECH INTRODUCTION - gains audience attention and prepares them for your speech BODY - this contains about 75% of your presentation - it is divided into 3 – 5 main points - each main point is clearly stated and supported by research and personal information CONCLUSION - Reviews your main points and provides closure by ending with strong final statements (generalizations, salutations, repetition…) THE DELIVERY OF A SPEECH IS EFFECTIVE WHEN THE SPEAKER KNOWS THE MATERIAL WELL, MAINTAINS EYE CONTACT WITH THE AUDIENCE, USES A VARIETY OF VOCAL CHANGES, AND APPEARS TO MOVE NATURALLY.

THE BASIC SPEECH OUTLINE I INTRODUCTION A. ATTENTION GRABBER B. SIGNIFICANCE C. CREDIBILITY D. THESIS STATEMENT E. PREVIEW F. TRANSITION INTO YOUR FIRST MAIN POINT II THE MAIN BODY A. FIRST MAIN POINT 1. First sub-point and supporting material 2. transition closing main point one and opening main point two B. SECOND MAIN POINT 2, Second sub-point and supporting material 3. Transition closing second main point and opening main point three C. THIRD MAIN POINT 2. Transition closing third main point and into conclusion III CONCLUSION A. REVIEW OF MAIN POINTS B. FINAL STATEMENT IV BIBLIOGRAPHY (List of materials used to construct your speech)

TYPES OF SPEECHES ANALYZE YOUR AUDIENCE THE INFORMATIVE SPEECH - Designed to explain, instruct, define, clarify, demonstrate or teach THE PERSUASIVE SPEECH - Designed to influence, convince, motivate, sell a product, or stimulate action THE EVOCATIVE SPEECH - entertains, inspires, helps audience to celebrate, or commemorate IMPROMPTU SPEECH - you are asked to speak on the spur of the moment with little or no preparation - you can successfully think of two or three main points on many topics as you make your way to the front of the room ANALYZE YOUR AUDIENCE HOW WILL YOU ADDRESS ISSUES SUCH AS AGE, GENDER, ETHNICITY ANTICIPATE THE REACTION OF YOUR AUDIENCE CONSIDER YOUR AUDIENCES KNOWLEDGE BASE

RESEARCH YOUR TOPIC LOCATE RESEARCH MATERIAL USING: - library (books, card catalogues and electronic resources) COMMON SOURCES FOR SPEECH MATERIALS - print media such as fiction and non-fiction, magazines, journals, newspapers - electronic media such as databases, video or television, CD or radio - personal interviews with experts in the field of research (topic-based) WHEN YOU FEEL YOU HAVE ALL OF YOUR INFORMAITON - paraphrase lengthy material and use short sentences / quotes to give your speech more impact

SPEECH TOPICS CONCEPT MAPS MAIN TOPIC ONE DETERMINE THE PURPOSE OF YOUR SPEECH MAIN TOPIC TWO BRAINSTORM THE POSSIBLE RELATED TOPICS YOU MIGHT BE ABLE TO DISCUSS MAIN TOPIC THREE CHOOSE A FAMILIAR SUBJECT TO PRESENT

CONCEPT MAPS

DELIVERY MODES OF DELIVERY EXTEMPORANEOUS – brief outline and key terms and quotes IMPROMPTU – limited prep time, less than five minutes, dynamic MEMORIZED – planned delivery, convey meaning rather than words MANUSCRIPT - speaker reads speech (cue cards, precise) VOCAL DELIVERY SKILLS Volume – make sure it is appropriate Rate - speed Pitch – the highness or the lowness of your voice Rhythm – speakers use of pace and breaks for impact Pauses – shows the skill and control of the speaker Word Emphasis – changing volume/rate pitch/rhythm for emphasis The Dynamic Speaker – meaning is conveyed in voice of speaker PHYSICAL DELIVERY APPEARANCE – dress appropriate and allow your topic to have an influence MOVEMENT – the more formal the delivery the less movement included FACIAL EXPRESSIONS – facial expressions should agree with your messages GESTURES – the larger the room/audience the more animated you can be

TYPES OF PRESENTATIONAL AIDS FLIP CHARTS, POSTER BOARD, BLACKBOARD SLIDES OVERHEAD TRANSPARENCIES PHYSICAL OBJECTS AUDIO AND VIDEO CLIPS COMPUTER GENERATED IMAGES

INCREASING INTEREST AND UNDERSTANDING START WITH SIMPLE CONCEPTS AND GRADUALLY BRING UP MORE COMPLEX ONES AVOID OVERLOOKING THE AUDIENCE WITH TOO MUCH INFORMATION STAGGER (examples, motivators, humour, stories…) GIVE YOUR LISTENERS A FRAMEWORK USE REPETITION…IT IS YOUR FRIEND…

PRACTICE COMPLETE ALL REASEARCH AND WRITING TWO WEEKS BEFORE YOU ARE TO DELIVER YOUR SPEECH PRACTICE READING ALOUD USING AN OUTLINE AND GRADUALLY REDUCE YOUR OUTLINE TO A SIMPLE SET OF KEY WORDS WRITE YOUR KEY WORDS ON 3X5 CUE CARDS PRACTICE SPEAKING ALOUD FROM YOUR NOTE CARDS

FEAR OF PUBLIC SPEAKING IS NORMAL OVERCOMING FEAR FEAR OF PUBLIC SPEAKING IS NORMAL TO ELIMINATE YOUR FEAR KNOW YOUR TOPIC WELL - talk about it daily until you’ve delivered your speech PRACTICE YOUR SPEECH OUT LOUD - present your final speech for people that you trust USE RELAXATION TECHNIQUES - increased heart rate, sweaty palms, dry mouth, blushing, and nausea are all normal physiological effects - breath deeply, stretch, meditate, use public speaking ‘tricks’ REPLACE YOUR NEGATIVE THOUGHTS WITH POSITIVE ONES - if you prepare properly there should be absolutely nothing to worry about

HANDOUT: HOW TO CONQUER PUBLIC SPEAKING FEAR BY MORTON C. ORMAN, M.D. SPEAKING IN PUBLIC IS NOT INHERENTLY STRESSFUL YOU DON’T HAVE TO BE BRILLIANT OR PERFECT TO SUCCEED ALL YOU NEED IS TWO OR THREE MAIN POINTS YOU ALSO NEED A PURPOSE THAT IS RIGHT FOR THE TASK THE BEST WAY TO SUCCEED IS NOT TO THINK OF YOURSELF AS A PUBLIC SPEAKER HUMILITY AND HUMOUR CAN GO A LONG WAY WHEN YOU SPEAK IN PUBLIC, NOTHING ‘BAD’ CAN EVER HAPPEN YOU DON’T HAVE TO CONTROL THE BEHAVIOUR OF YOUR AUDIENCE IN GENERAL, THE MORE YOU PREPARE, THE WORSE YOU WILL DO YOUR AUDIENCE TRULY WANTS YOU TO SUCCEED