Chapter 4 Methods of Analysis of Resistive Circuits ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.1-1 Proposed circuit for measuring and displaying the angular position of the potentiometer shaft. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.1-2 Circuit diagram containing models of the power supplies, voltmeter, and potentiometer. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.2-1 Samuel F. B. Morse, the inventor of the electric telegraph. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.2-2 The first telephone transmitter with its parchment diaphragm attached to the magnetized metallic reed. This instrument was used to transmit the first speech sounds electrically in 1875. Courtesy of Bell Laboratories. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.2-3 Alexander Graham Bell at the New York end of the circuit to Chicago as this line was opened on October 18, 1892, as part of the ceremonies accompanying the Columbian Exposition. Courtesy of Bell Laboratories. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.2-4 Growth of telephone service in the United States. Source: Bell Laboratories. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.3-1 (a) A circuit with three nodes. (b) The circuit after the nodes have been selected and marked. (c) Using voltmeters to measure the node voltages. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.3-2 (a) A circuit with three resistors. (b) The resistor voltages expressed as functions of the node voltages. (c) The resistor currents expressed as functions of the node voltages. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.3-3 (a) The circuit for Example 4.3-1. (b) The circuit after the resistor currents are expressed as functions of the node voltages. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.3-4 The circuit for Example 4.3-2. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure E 4.3-1 ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure E 4.3-2 ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.4-1 Circuit with an independent voltage source and an independent current source. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.4-2 Circuit with a supernode that incorporates va and vb. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.4-3 A circuit containing two voltage sources, only one of which is connected to the reference node. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.4-4 The circuit for example 4.4-2. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure E 4.4-1 ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure E 4.4-2 ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Figure 4.5-1 A circuit with a CCVS. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.5-2 A circuit with a VCVS. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.5-3 A circuit with a CCCS. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Figure E 4.5-1 A circuit with a CCVS. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Figure E 4.5-2 A circuit with a VCVS. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.6-1 Nonplanar circuit with a crossover. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.6-2 Circuit with four meshes. Each mesh is identified by dashed lines. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.6-3 Circuit with three mesh currents. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.6-4 Circuit with two meshes. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.6-5 Mesh currents for the circuit of Figure 4.6-4. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.6-6 Circuit with three mesh currents and two voltage sources. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure E 4.6-1 ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.7-1 Circuit with an independent voltage source and an independent current source. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.7-2 Circuit with an independent current source common to both meshes. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.7-3 Circuit with two independent current sources. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.7-4 Circuit with one dependent voltage source. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.7-5 Circuit with a supermesh that incorporates mesh 1 and mesh 2. The supermesh is indicated by the dashed line. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.7-6 Circuit with a supermesh and a dependent voltage source. The supermesh is identified by the heavy dashed line. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure E 4.7-1 ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure E 4.7-2 ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure E 4.7-3 ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure E 4.7-4 ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure E 4.7-5 (a) The modern convenience of the vacuum cleaner is serenely demonstrated in about 1910. Courtesy of Brown Brothers. (b) Circuit model of the cleaner and its power source. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure E 4.7-6 ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Figure 4.8-1 The circuits of Example 4.8-1. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure E 4.8-1 ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.9-1 A simple two-mesh circuit. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.9-2 The circuit of Figure 4.9-1 redrawn with node numbers indicated. The reference node is denoted as zero. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.9-3 PSpice program for the circuit of Figure 4.9-2. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.9-4 Output of PSpice calculation. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.9-5 A three-mesh circuit. All resistances in ohms. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.9-6 The three mesh circuit redrawn for PSpice analysis. All resistances in ohms. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.9-7 The PSpice program for the three-mesh circuit. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.9-8 The output of the PSpice program for the three-mesh circuit. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.10-1 (a) A circuit that contains a potentiometer and (b) an equivalent circuit formed by replacing the potentiometer by a model of a potentiometer (0  a  1). ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.10-2 MATLAB input file used to analyze the circuit shown in Figure 4.10-1. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.10-3 Plot of vo versus a for the circuit shown in Figure 4.10-1. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.11-1 (a) A circuit and (b) the node voltages calculated using PSpice. The bottom node has been chosen as the reference node, which is indicated by the ground symbol and the node number 0. The voltages and resistors have units of voltages and ohms, respectively. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.11-2 (a) A circuit and (b) the mesh currents calculated using PSpice. The voltages and resistances are given in volts and ohms, respectively. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.12-1 Proposed circuit for measuring and displaying the angular position of the potentiometer shaft. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.12-2 Circuit diagram containing models of the power supplies, voltmeter, and potentiometer. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.12-3 The redrawn circuit showing the mode vi. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.12-4 The final designed circuit. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed

Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed Figure 4.13-1 Expressing resistor currents and voltages in terms of (a) node voltage or (b) mesh currents. ©2001, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Introduction To Electric Circuits, 5th Ed