Lecture #5 Enlightenment and Revolution Please take Cornell Notes

Agenda #: 8/31/17 Warm up #4 Lecture #5 Enlightenment & Revolution In upper right hand corner: Last Name, Full Name Today’s Date (see board) Subject: Period # Agenda #: 8/31/17 *Copy agenda down on your notebook, (backpacks should be behind you or on the floor & all electronics should be put away). Warm up #4 Lecture #5 Enlightenment & Revolution Group review/class discussion Group Activity: Enlightenment Arguments Exit Slip #5 Vocab list for Monday Quiz 2 2

flt I will be able to compare and contrast the ideas of the Enlightenment Philosophers.

Notes Notes should have the following information Philosopher Definition for Enlightenment The following Chart Philosopher Idea about Government or people Your Definition Thomas Hobbes John Locke Baron de Montesquieu Jean Jacques Rousseau Voltaire Beccaria

Warm up #4 Why do people need a government? What is its purpose? Sentence starters : The purpose of the government is_________ and people need it because_____.

The Enlightenment was… An Intellectual Movement 1600-1800 Many ideas came from ancient Greece and Rome New ideas about government

Thomas Hobbes and Social Contract Believed people were born selfish and evil Because people are evil they give up. Believed a monarchy was best. Monarch gets power People get safety

Rousseau and Social Contract Wrote The Social Contract in 1762 People create government to help them survive People are good, and they will choose what is good for the community

Social Contract Theory Hobbs Version: people submit to government to control their naturally bad nature Rousseau version: people give up their freedom to government to get protection and government must do what people want What is the difference between the two versions of the Social Contract? Which one do you agree with?

John Locke and Natural Rights Believed humans were born with natural rights: life, liberty, and property. People want government to protect these rights. If it doesn’t do this job, people should overthrow it. God has nothing to do with the government.

Montesquieu and Separation of Power People will always try to get more power Too much power = rights denied Best prevention to too much power : 3 branches to limit power: executive, legislative, judicial Why will it be important to have a separation of powers within the government? What is the purpose of the three banches?

Voltaire Believed in unedited freedoms for all (freedom of religion speech and beliefs) “I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it” Additional for honors class

Beccaria Legal Philosopher who believed that laws were there to keep order not avenge criminals Wanted abolishment of torture, punishments to fit crimes and speedy trials for accused. Against the death penalty

vocabulary Quiz Dark Ages Feudalism King Henry II King John Magna Carta James II William and Mary of Orange Divine Right Constitutional Monarchy English Bill of Rights Enlightenment John Locke Thomas Hobbs Baron de Montesquieu Jean Jacques Rousseau Natural Rights Social Contract Separation of Powers

Pair-Share 3 min. Share with neighbor what you wrote about and be ready to discuss with whole class. Remember that participation will be a part of your grade.

Check for Understanding Which philosopher believed that people are born naturally bad? Which philosopher believed that people are born naturally good? What is the difference between Hobbs and Rousseau’s versions of the social contract? What does Locke say is the only reason for people to have a revolution? Why did Baron de Montesquieu want 3 separate branched? 6. Which enlightenment philosopher would have been happy with King Charles the absolute Monarch?

Who would have disagreed? What would be his Argument? Louis XIV wanted to be an absolute monarch & centralize all power in himself. He wanted to control every aspect of the French government. He wanted to make laws, judge laws, and enforce laws.

Who would have disagreed? What would be his Argument? Henry VIII was tired of the Pope controlling him. So he left the Catholic Church and made himself the head of the Anglican Church. He now controlled the law making in England and the religion of England.

Who would have disagreed? What would be his Argument? In France, the 3rd estate wanted a government run by the people. They did not want a strong king. Instead they wanted democracy where the people had a major say in what happened. They believed the people knew what was best.

Who would have disagreed? What would be his Argument? A monarch believed that the only person that mattered in decisions was themselves. Government was a “1 way street”.

Who would have disagreed? What would be his Argument? The kings of England were not respecting the rights of the people. They believed people only had the rights given to them by their government. They did not believe that all people automatically had rights.

Assessment Think about a modern day issue that 1 of the 6 enlightenment philosophers would have an issue with and write a paragraph explaining what the issue is and why the philosopher would have a problem. Examples of modern day issues: Crisis in Syria Legislation about gay marriage Legislation about abortion Homeland Security laws and actions after 9/11

Exit Slip #5 Which Enlightenment philosopher do you think had the most significant ideal? Why? Which Enlightenment philosopher’s ideal is most reflected in society today? Why? Sentence Starters: 1)The Enlightenment philosopher I think had the most significant ideal was_______, because_______ 2) The Enlightenment philosopher’s ideal that is most reflected in society today is _________.