You ARE What You Eat! Objective: To learn the structure and function of the Digestive System Bell Work: Place the following in order according to the path that food takes through your body: STOMACH LARGE INTESTINE RECTUM ESOPHAGUS ANUS MOUTH SMALL INTESTINE © 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC MOUTH ESOPHAGUS STOMACH SMALL INTESTINE LARGE INTESTINE RECTUM ANUS

Your cells need nutrients found in food Provide energy and materials for cell development, growth, and repair: Proteins (meats), Carbohydrates (sugars = energy), Fats (Lipids), Vitamins, Minerals, and Water Maintain homeostasis No food has every nutrient, so eat a variety of foods + © 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC

Function: breaks food down into small molecules that are absorbed into bloodstream Mechanical digestion: PHYSICAL process: food is chewed, mixed and churned Chemical digestion: CHEMICAL process: food is turned into a mushy substance using stomach acid, bile, saliva, & other enzymes (proteins that speed up chemical reactions) © 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC

Organs of the digestive system Accessory organs: food DOES NOT pass through. Includes tongue, teeth, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, & pancreas Digestive tract: food DOES pass through. Includes mouth, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestine, rectum & anus © 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC

Mouth: tongue, teeth, & saliva change food into soft mass (bolus) Digestion begins NOW! Mouth: tongue, teeth, & saliva change food into soft mass (bolus) © 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC

Esophagus: muscular tube moves food to stomach using peristalsis (muscle contractions) © 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC

Mechanical digestion by peristalsis Stomach: muscular sac that turns food into a thin, watery liquid called chyme Mechanical digestion by peristalsis Chemical digestion by digestive juices/enzymes © 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC

Small Intestine: long tube (small diameter) that functions in chemical digestion and nutrient absorption © 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC

Lined with villi: finger-like projections Capillary bed Microvilli Each villus is composed of cells that have microvilli. Cells transport nutrients to the bloodstream through capillary beds to be distributed to the body cells Lined with villi: finger-like projections © 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC

Let’s Compare… If the small intestine were a simple smooth tube without folds and villi, the surface area would be the inside of the tube as seen below. The gathering of the intestinal wall into folds lined with villi increases the surface area tremendously – imagine that the folds are a string and you are pulling on the end with the arrow. It would unravel to a length much greater than that of the smooth tube. In fact, it’s surface area is comparable to a tennis court! © 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC

* Accessory Organs of Small Intestine: Liver: large red-brown organ that makes bile Gallbladder: stores bile which is released into the S.I. and helps break down fat Pancreas: makes digestive enzymes & insulin which regulates blood sugar © 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC

Large intestine: absorbs water from undigested chyme Chyme can be in L.I. as long as three days Appendix: sac attached to the L.I. that is now known to provide immune support in the body Rectum & anus: control release of solid waste (feces) from body © 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC

Trek the Tract! Objective: To show the length of each organ involved in digestion and describe how food moves through the digestive system. Hypothesis: Make a hypothesis about the length of the digestive tract. Which organ do you think is the longest? What You do: Use the chart to measure out the length of the organ you were assigned in the digestive tract using a meter stick and your ticker tape. Cut that piece off of the roll. On your tape, write the name of the organ you were assigned down the length of the tape. Write it in the center in large neat letters so the name can be seen from far away. If possible, it should span the length of the ticker tape. At the center of your tape near the name, draw a picture of your organ. If possible, it should span the length of the ticker tape. © 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC

What is the function of this organ? What You do: At the end of your tape, write the answers to the following questions in complete sentences: What is the function of this organ? What happens to food within this organ? Are there any other organs that interact with your organ? If so, which ones? (what are the organs that come before or after your organ? What accessory organs relate to your organ? Present your organ in the order in which food travels through the tract & get it stapled in place. When it’s all complete, we will hang it from the ceiling!! © 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC dirty gerdy smelly mellie gnllc