Depends on the movement and spacing of its particles States of Matter Depends on the movement and spacing of its particles

Solid Particles are closely packed, except water Has a definite shape Particle are close together, no matter what container you put it in, it keeps the same shape Has a definite volume Even if you squeeze it or compress it, it still has the same volume – the air pockets are closed up Squeeze a pillow

Liquid Particles are still closer together but have room to move around Has a definite volume No matter what container you put it in you still have the same amount (volume) Has no definite shape Liquid will take the shape of the container it is in Particles are not so close together, therefore they can change shape *Any substance that can flow freely is called fluid

Gas Particles are spread far apart No definite shape The particles move about freely and are constantly bouncing off each other Because particles can move about gases are “fluid” No definite volume Gases have a lower density than solids and liquids which allows them to float Gases can be compressed to fit INTO CONTAINERS, THEREFORE TAKING ON THEIR SHAPE AND VOLUME

Freezing/Melting change between solid and liquid states Freezing point – liquid turns to a solid Melting point – solid turns to a liquid These are the same temperature Each material has its own freezing/melting point which can help identify the material. Water – 32 degrees F/0 degrees C

Freezing/Boiling When energy is added to a solid its temperature will rise to a certain point and it will melt When energy is removed from a liquid it drops to a freezing point and turns into a solid Water Freezing point 0C/32F Boiling point 100C/212F worksheet

Boiling To change from a liquid to a gas Substances found as gases on Earth boil at temperatures lower than that of the air Nitrogen must be cooled to nearly -200C before it changes to a liquid

Vaporization/Condensation Change a liquid to a gas Adding energy to a liquid makes the particles speed up, raising the temperature. At some point the particles will break apart, spreading out and becoming a gas Rapid vaporization is called “boiling” A slow or gradual vaporization is called “evaporation” and takes place on the surface of a liquid “condensation” is when energy is removed from a gas turning it into a liquid Sweat on a water glass *breathe out on a cold day Pg 26 Do the Math

Sublimation/deposition “sublimation” directly turning from a solid to a gas “dry ice” is solid carbon dioxide” – when it melts it is not wet “deposition” change from a gas to a solid Energy is removed from the gas and particles slow down, under certain conditions the gas will turn into a solid Frost – when temp reach the freezing point, water vapor in the air touches a cold surface to form ice crystals

Thermal expansion/Contraction Thermal expansion – when solid matter is heated it will expand (increase in size)because the particles vibrate faster and move further apapt Contraction – the particles vibrate more slowly and decrease in size This puts strain on bridges

Draw and label in notebook

Light Transparent – clear and allows all light to pass through it Clear glass Translucent – blocks some of the light Stained glass window Opaque – blocks all the light Black curtain **Sorting page

F30 Magnetic Magnetic – a force created by the motion of electrons in an atom. When the electrons are aligned in the same direction, the field around them causes a strong magnetic field Iron, nickle and cobalt are magnetic Magnets have 2 poles the north and south. North repels north North attracts south “Opposites Attract” Story: The Day I swallowed a magnet… (front and back page)

E46, F92-93 Conductivity/insulators Conductivity – its ability to carry energy Electric Thermal Conductors – transfer energy easily Metals Water Insulators – does not transfer energy Rubber Plastic Wood **Why would you not want to stand in a puddle during a lighting storm?