Section 1: What Is Climate? Section 2: The Tropics Chapter 17 Climate Section 1: What Is Climate? Section 2: The Tropics Section 3: Temperate and Polar Zones Section 4: Changes in Climate Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

What Is Climate? Objectives Section 1 Explain the difference between weather and climate. Identify five factors that determine climates. Identify the three climate zones of the world. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

What Is Climate? Climate Vs. Weather Section 1 What Is Weather? Weather is the condition of the atmosphere at a particular time. What Is Climate? Climate is the average weather condition in an area over a long period of time. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

What Is Climate? Latitude Section 1 Solar Energy and Latitude The amount of direct solar energy a particular area receives is determined by latitude. Seasons and Latitude Seasons happen because the Earth is tilted on its axis at a 23.5° angle. This tilt affects how much solar energy an area receives as Earth moves around the sun. The seasons are illustrated on the next slide. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Section 1 The Seasons Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – navy 28 points Arial Bold Body text – black 24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – navy Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_white.jpg Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

What Is Climate? Prevailing Winds Mountains Section 1 What Are Prevailing Winds? Winds that blow mainly from one direction are prevailing winds. The circulation of warm and cold air, as shown on the next slide, are the causes behind prevailing winds. Mountains Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" How Do Mountains Affect Climate? Mountains can influence an area’s climate by affecting both temperature and precipitation. End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

The Circulation of Warm and Cold Air Section 1 The Circulation of Warm and Cold Air Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – navy 28 points Arial Bold Body text – black 24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – navy Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_white.jpg Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

What Is Climate? Large Bodies of Water Ocean Currents Section 1 Regulating Effect of Water Large bodies of water can influence an area’s climate. Water absorbs and releases heat slower than land does. Because of this quality, water helps to moderate the temperatures of the land around it. Ocean Currents Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" How Do Ocean Currents Affect Climate? As surface currents move, they carry warm or cool water to different locations. The surface temperature of the water affects the temperature of the air above it. End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

What Is Climate? Climates of the World Section 1 Adapting to a Climate Plants and animals that have adapted to one climate may not be able to live in another climate. Climate Zones The Earth’s three major climate zones— tropical, temperate, and polar—are shown on the next slide. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Earth’s Land Biomes Section 1 Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – navy 28 points Arial Bold Body text – black 24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – navy Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_white.jpg Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

The Tropics Bellringer Section 2 Imagine you are a zoologist hired to design a camel and a deer exhibit for your community's new zoo. Describe the differences between a deer and a camel. Where and in what kind of climate are you most likely to find these animals? What would you have to provide for each of these animals so they would continue to flourish?   Write your exhibit proposal in your science journal. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

The Tropics Objectives Section 2 Locate and describe the tropical zone. Describe the biomes found in the tropical zone. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

The Tropics The Tropical Zone Section 2 Tropical Rain Forests Tropical rain forests are always warm and wet. Because they are located near the equator, they receive strong sunlight year-round. Tropical Savannas Tropical savannas, or grasslands, are composed of tall grasses and a few scattered trees. Tropical Deserts Many hot deserts, such as the Sahara, in Africa, are tropical deserts. Daily temperatures in tropical deserts often vary from very hot daytime temperatures to cool nighttime temperatures. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Temperate and Polar Zones Section 3 Temperate and Polar Zones Bellringer You have been selected to join an expedition to the North Pole. What kinds of gear will you need? How will you travel both to the Pole and once you arrive in the Arctic? What will you bring to eat? Will you be able to hunt? Write a description in your science journal of what activities you might engage in during an average week of your expedition. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Temperate and Polar Zones Section 3 Temperate and Polar Zones Objectives Locate and describe the temperate zone and the polar zone. Describe the different biomes found in the temperate zone and the polar zone. Explain what a microclimate is. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Temperate and Polar Zones Section 3 Temperate and Polar Zones The Temperate Zone Temperate Forests The temperate forest biomes tend to have high amounts of rainfall and seasonal temperature differences. Temperate Grasslands Temperate grasslands are regions that receive too little rainfall for trees to grow. This biome has warm summers and cold winters. Chaparrals Chaparral regions have cool, wet winters and hot, dry summers. Temperate Deserts The temperate desert biomes tend to be cold deserts. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Temperate and Polar Zones Section 3 Temperate and Polar Zones The Polar Zone Tundra The tundra biome has long, cold winters with almost 24 hours of night. It also has short, cool summers with almost 24 hours of daylight. Taiga (Northern Coniferous Forest) The taiga has long, cold winters and short, warm summers. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Temperate and Polar Zones Section 3 Temperate and Polar Zones Microclimates What Is a Microclimate? A microclimate is a climate of a small area. Cities Cities are microclimates. In a city, temperatures can be 1° C to 2° C warmer than the surrounding rural areas. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Changes in Climate Bellringer Section 4 Imagine that the climate in the area where you live has changed so that it is now warmer than it used to be. Write down five ways how you think warmer temperatures would affect the area.   Write your answers in your science journal. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Changes in Climate Objectives Section 4 Describe how the Earth’s climate has changed over time. Summarize four different theories that attempt to explain why the Earth’s climate has changed. Explain the greenhouse effect and its role in global warming. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Changes in Climate Ice Ages Section 4 Glacial Periods During glacial periods, the enormous sheets of ice advanced. Interglacial Periods Warmer times that happen between glacial periods are called interglacial periods. Motions of the Earth There are many theories about the causes of ice ages. One theory is illustrated on the next slide. Plate Tectonics The Earth’s climate is further influenced by plate tectonics and continental drift. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

The Milankovitch Theory Section 4 The Milankovitch Theory Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – navy 28 points Arial Bold Body text – black 24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – navy Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_white.jpg Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Changes in Climate Volcanic Eruptions Asteroid Impact Section 4 Catastrophes Influence Climate Many natural factors can affect global climate. Catastrophic events, such as volcanic eruptions, can influence climate. Asteroid Impact Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Dramatic Climatic Change Scientists believe that if an asteroid this big hit the Earth, it could change the climate of the entire world. End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Changes in Climate The Sun’s Cycle Section 4 Changes in the Sun Some changes in the climate can be linked to changes in the sun. Turning Up the Heat When the sun is at its solar maxi-mum, it produces a large percentage of high-energy radiation. This increase in high-energy radiation warms the winds in the atmosphere. This change in turn affects climate patterns around the world. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Changes in Climate Global Warming Section 4 Greenhouse Effect The Earth’s natural heating process, in which gases in the atmosphere trap thermal energy, is called the greenhouse effect. Consequences of Global Warming Many scientists think that if the global temperature continues to rise, the ice caps will melt and cause flooding. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Climate Concept Map Chapter 17 Use the following terms to complete the concept map on the next slide: ocean currents, seasons, latitude, climate, prevailing winds, curved, mountains, large bodies of water. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 17 Concept Map Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – navy 28 points Arial Bold Body text – black 24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – navy Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_white.jpg Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 17 Concept Map Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – navy 28 points Arial Bold Body text – black 24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – navy Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_white.jpg Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

What Is Climate? Bellringer Section 1 Pretend you are entering a contest for a free trip to a place with perfect climate. To win, write a description of your idea of the perfect climate in 25 words or less. Do you know of any real place where your dream climate really exists?   Record your response in your science journal. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.