Are maps as important today as they were in the past? Do Now: You are in a city in the United States that you have never been to before. If you have a GPS on your cell phone, is it silly to bring a map with you? Learning Standards 2, 3 Common Core Standards RS 2, 7 and WS 2

I What is Geography? Geography is the study of the Earth, its physical features & our interaction with it. Geographers divide the Earth into hemispheres.

II What are the tools of geography? A) Maps: A representation of regions or features of the earth PHYSICAL MAPS TOPOGRAPHICAL MAPS MAPS A map legend or key explains the symbols used on a map. POLITICAL MAPS CLIMATE MAPS

Tools of geography continued… Physical maps show physical features of the Earth, such as mountains and rivers. Political maps show nations and cities.

What are the tools of geography? Continued… Topographic maps show elevation. On land, dark brown indicates high elevation. On water, the darker blue indicates a lower sea level than the lighter blue.

What are the tools of geography? Continued… Climate maps show average temperature & rainfall.

Keep Peter Griffin Safe! 1. Peter Griffin is planning to hike in the Green Mountains of Vermont. If he can only take one map with him, which map should he take and why? 2. Peter Griffin is taking his family on a vacation to Europe. If he can only take one map with him, which map should he take and why?

III Latitude and Longitude A) Lines of Latitude are imaginary horizontal lines on the globe. They run north and south of the Equator. B) Lines of Longitude are imaginary vertical lines on the globe. They run east and west of the Prime Meridian. C) Absolute location includes latitude and longitude. The equator is at 0 degrees latitude. The Prime Meridian is at 0 degrees longitude.

Find the following absolute locations: 150 N 60 E , 20 S 60 W

IV Climate Zones Climate Zones are regions of the Earth that have similar temperature, rainfall & latitude.

Turn and Talk: Where is the best location to start a civilization? Desert Rain Forest Savanna Arctic Temperate

Turn and Talk: Where is the best location to start a civilization? Desert Rain Forest Hot in daytime, cold at night. Very low precipitation. Hot & humid. High precipitation. Savanna Arctic Temperate Hot & dry. A bit more precipitation than a desert. Dry grass but few trees. Big game animals. Cold & dry. *Antarctica is a desert! 4 seasons. Average precipitation. Best option for farming!

V Regions Regions are different areas of the earth that share similar characteristics. Similar geographical features AND/OR Similar culture and language What features do the nations of the Middle East have in common? Latin America?

VI Natural Physical Features Ocean: Large body of water Continent: Large land mass

Islands, Peninsulas and Archipelagos Island: Land mass surrounded by water. Peninsula: Land mass surrounded by water on all but one side. Archipelago: Chain of islands. PENINSULA PENINSULA ARCHIPELAGO ISLAND

Gulfs and Seas ARABIAN SEA PERSIAN GULF Gulf: A part of ocean that extends into land Sea: A large body of water PERSIAN GULF ARABIAN SEA

River, Delta, Lake River: A natural stream of water Delta: Mouth of a river Lake: A body of water surrounded entirely by land

Isthmus and Strait Isthmus: A narrow piece of land that connects two large land masses. Strait: A narrow body of water that connects two larger bodies of water.

Mountains, Valley, Plateau Mountain: An elevated land mass Mountain Range: A chain of mountains. Plateau: An elevated land mass that is flat on its top Valley: lowland between mountain ranges.

L) Glaciers, Tundra Tundra: Semi-frozen land Glacier: A mass of ice on top of dry land

VII Man-made Geographic Features Canal: Man-made river. Used for irrigation or to improve travel. Irrigation: Supplying dry land with water to allow for farming. Infrastructure: Things that a civilization builds to improve the daily life of its society; roads, buildings, etc.

VIII 5 Themes of Geography Location: What is a place’s absolute location? Place: What are the main languages, customs, and beliefs? What physical features are there? Human/Environment Interactions: How have humans hurt and helped the environment? How do we adapt to it? Movement [Of Humans]: How and why do humans move? Regions: How and why do they form and change?

Key Vocabulary Absolute Location Archipelago Arctic Climate Canal Climate Map Climate Zone Continent Desert Equator Geographic Feature Geography Glacier Gulf Hemisphere Infrastructure Irrigation Island Isthmus Lake Latitude Longitude Mountain Mountain Range Ocean Peninsula Physical Map Plateau Political Map Prime Meridian Region River Savanna Sea Strait Temperate Climate Topographic Map Tropical Climate Tundra Valley