Modified 4-stroke Engine Extremely Clean and Fuel-efficient Copyright ©, Kemeny, 2008. All rights reserved. Worldwide patents pending.

Problems of State-of-Art Engines Low efficiency High pollution ********************************************* A hybrid car’s engine is the same inefficient A hybrid car with efficient engine is efficient ------------------------------------------------------ Cylinder decavitation does not add to efficiency SISS does not increase engine efficiency either HCCI is 15% more efficient but hard to control

Surcharging and Supraignition At BDC piston position Retained warm exhaust gas let to mix with and pre-compress the intake air or air-fuel mixture Valve operated just as intake and exhaust Needs no other control A pressure accumulator Supraignition At TDC piston position Retained hot exhaust gas is let to mix with and ignite the compressed air-fuel mixture Valve operated just as intake and exhaust Needs no other control A heat accumulator

Animated 4-cylinder Engine Operation

Animated 1-cylinder Engine Operation

Basic Configurations Surcharging from buffer Surcharging from another cylinder Supraignition from buffer *********************************** Fuel injection at surcharging Fuel injection at supraignition Direct injection into buffer

Major Advantages 25-75% fuel savings, doubles the mileage or the range 95-99.99% reduction in NOx, SO, CO, PM and toxic emissions 25-75% less CO2, greenhouse gas emission at cooler temperature 100% more burning cycles in repetition of diminishing volumes 15-55% internal exhaust gas recirculation (IEGR) 15-45% reduction in peak temperature and peak and average pressure 10-20% increase in volumetric efficiency Plus more power or torque, less noise and less maintenance and more Simplicity (just add some manifolds, valves or portholes) Quick market introduction and penetration is feasible No major technology change (employs common techniques) Reduces demand on electronic controls (automatic, needs no control) Saves the catalytic converter or afterburner or oxidizer Complies with tough worldwide emission control regulations

Just add some manifolds …

… and ready to go ! Ported bypass surcharging. Copyright ©, Nagy, 2008. Used by permission.

or just add some valves …

… and ready to go! Buffer manifold surcharging. Copyright ©, Nagy, 2008. Used by permission.

Simple as is…! In summary: The 50% fuel savings and 99% emission reduction are attractive to manufacturers, dealers, consumers, environmental activists and regulatory agencies. Both gasoline and diesel engines can be modified with increase in torque and no loss in power or vice versa. The engine modification has marginal effect on the engine weight, volume and cost (+/- 5%). Engine retrofitting is feasible and practical. No new technique or technology is required. Market introduction can be swift and decisive. Licensee can expect great extra profit (25-75x ROI). END