Nervous System Chapter 35

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Nervous System Every time you move a muscle & every time you think a thought, your nerve cells are hard at work. They are processing information: receiving.

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Nervous System Every time you move a muscle & every time you think a thought, your nerve cells are hard at work. They are processing information: receiving.

Nervous System Every time you move a muscle & every time you think a thought, your nerve cells are hard at work. They are processing information: receiving.

Nervous System Every time you move a muscle & every time you think a thought, your nerve cells are hard at work. They are processing information: receiving.

Presentation transcript:

Nervous System Chapter 35 Every time you move a muscle & every time you think a thought, your nerve cells are hard at work. They are processing information: receiving signals, deciding what to do with them, & dispatching new messages off to their neighbors. Some nerve cells communicate directly with muscle cells, sending them the signal to contract. Other nerve cells are involved solely in the bureaucracy of information, spending their lives communicating only with other nerve cells. But unlike our human bureaucracies, this processing of information must be fast in order to keep up with the ever-changing demands of life. 2010

Why do animals need a nervous system? Because the world is always coming at you! Poor bunny! Remember… think about the bunny… 2010

Nervous System Divided into: Central nervous system cerebrum cerebellum spinal cord cervical nerves thoracic lumbar femoral nerve sciatic tibial Nervous System Divided into: Central nervous system brain & spinal chord Peripheral nervous system nerves from senses nerves to muscles 2010

Nervous system cells Neuron a nerve cell dendrites cell body axon signal direction dendrites cell body axon signal direction synapse 2010

Fun facts about neurons Most specialized cell in animals Longest cell blue whale neuron 10-30 meters giraffe axon 5 meters human neuron 1-2 meters Nervous system allows for 1 millisecond response time 2010

Myelin coating Axon coated with insulation made of myelin cells signal direction Axon coated with insulation made of myelin cells speeds signal signal hops from node to node 330 mph vs. 11 mph myelin coating Multiple Sclerosis immune system (T cells) attacks myelin coating loss of signal 2010

Transmission of a signal Think dominoes! start the signal knock down line of dominoes by tipping 1st one  trigger the signal propagate the signal do dominoes move down the line?  no, just a wave through them! re-set the system before you can do it again, have to set up dominoes again  reset the axon

Transmission of a nerve signal Neuron has similar system protein channels are set up once first one is opened, the rest open in succession all or nothing response a “wave” action travels along neuron have to re-set channels so neuron can react again

How does a nerve impulse travel? Wave: nerve impulse travels down neuron change in charge opens the gates down the line “voltage-gated” channels “wave” moves down neuron = action potential Gate + – channel closed channel open The rest of the dominoes fall! – + Na+ wave 

How does a nerve impulse travel? Action potential wave = nerve impulse, or action potential brain  finger tips in milliseconds! In the blink of an eye! + – Na+ K+ wave  K+ gates open more slowly than Na+ gates

Synapse Junction between nerve cells 1st cell releases chemical to trigger next cell where drugs affect nervous system synapse 2010

Types of neurons sensory neuron (from senses) interneuron (brain & spinal chord) motor neuron (to muscle) 2010