Introduction to Medical Language Chapter 1 Introduction to Medical Language

Chapter 1 Lesson 1.1

Objectives Describe four origins of medical language. Define two categories of medical terms Identify and define the four word parts and combining form. Analyze and define medical terms. Build medical terms for given definitions. Using the objectives, inform students of what they are expected to learn in Lesson 1.1.

Medicine Has a Language of Its Own Current medical vocabulary includes terms built from Greek and Latin word parts, eponyms, acronyms, and terms from modern language Many can be translated literally to find their meaning Eponyms: a word based on the name of a person, such as Parkinson disease, or bundle of His Acronyms: a word formed from the first letters of the words in a phrase that can be spoken as a whole word and usually contains a vowel, such as laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation)

Categories of Medical Terms All medical terms in the text are divided into two categories: terms built from word parts terms not built from word parts Provide examples of terms built from word parts and terms not built from word parts.

Four Word Parts Word Root: fundamental meaning of a medical term—the core of the word Prefix: attached to the beginning of a medical term to modify its meaning Suffix: attached to the end of a medical term to modify its meaning Combining Vowel: used to ease pronunciation—usually an “o” Word root: the core of a word. Each medical term contains at least one word root that indicates a number, direction, time, or negation. A suffix often indicates a procedure or condition. A combining vowel is used to connect two word roots or a word root and a suffix. It is not used to connect a prefix and word root.

Guidelines for Using Combining Vowels Explain the importance of learning when and when not to use a combining vowel.

Examples Word Roots: arthr: joint hepat: liver oste: bone ven: vein Prefixes: intra-: within Suffixes: -itis: inflammation -ous: pertaining to Combining Vowel: o: hepat: liver oste: bone sub-: under -ic: pertaining to -pathy: disease What is the difference between a word root and a prefix? What is the difference between a prefix and a suffix? What is the purpose of adding a combining vowel to a medical term?

Clicker Question The word part that is the core of the word is a combining vowel suffix word root prefix Ask students to explain the meaning of the other word parts listed.

Combining Form Word Root + Combining Vowel Examples: arthr/o hepat/o ven/o oste/o The word parts are separated by vertical slashes.

Word Parts and Combining Form Reinforce the meaning of word parts and a combining form.

Some Basic Rules All medical terms have at least one word root. Not all medical terms have a prefix, suffix, or combining vowel. Combining vowels are used to connect word roots or word root and suffix. When a suffix begins with a vowel, the combining vowel is usually not used. Why is it important to understand the basic rules of combining word parts into medical terms?

Some Basic Rules (cont’d) When connecting two word roots, a combining vowel is usually used even if vowels are present at the junction. Example: oste/o/arthr/itis Usually, medical terms are defined by starting at the end of the term and going back to the beginning. Example: oste/o/arthr/itis—inflammation of the bone and joints Explain that “usually” defining medical terms by starting at the end of the term and going back to the beginning does not mean “always.”

Some Basic Rules (cont’d) A few terms are more easily and accurately defined by starting at the beginning of the term. Example: melan/oma melan = black -oma = tumor This is one example of when it is easier to define the meaning by starting at the beginning.

Clicker Question If vowels are present at the junction of two word roots (such as oste and arthr) in a medical term, a combining vowel is usually still used not used used twice the letter i

Techniques to Learn Medical Terms Built from Word Parts Explain the importance of understanding the techniques listed here and the rules and guidelines listed in Chapter 1 prior to continuing on to the next chapter. Instruct students to seek help if they have a problem understanding Chapter 1.

Word Parts for Practice Word Roots: (Comb. Forms) arthr/o: joint hepat/o: liver ven/o: vein osteo: bone Combining Vowel: o Prefixes: intra-: within sub-: under Suffixes:  -itis: inflammation  -ic: pertaining to  -ous: pertaining  -pathy: disease What medical terms can be formed by the word parts listed on the slide?

Analyze and Define arthritis intravenous osteitis osteoarthritis subhepatic osteopathy arthropathy hepatitis Which term has a suffix meaning “inflammation”? Which term has a root meaning “bone”? Which term has two root words?

Building Medical Terms inflammation of a joint pertaining to within a vein inflammation of the bone inflammation of the bone and joint pertaining to under the liver disease of the bone disease of the joint inflammation of the liver Instruct students to build the terms using slashes and labeling each word part.

Build the Medical Term for Figure # 2 1. 2. What term is formed by the word parts indicated on the slide? (osteoarthritis) 1. Normal knee joint. 2. Knee joint showing bone / cv / joint inflammation: ______/___/______

arthr/o/pathy arthr/o/pathy arthr/o/path/y Clicker Question Which of the following is analyzed correctly? a)WR CV S S arthr/o/path/y CF WR CV S arthr/o/pathy CF b) P CV S arthr/o/pathy CF c)