1/3/17 HAPPY NEW YEAR! Aim: How can we determine how all organisms get energy? Launch: HW: Homework on back of launch “Cellular Respiration. DUE TOMORROW – WED. Bullet point regents practice DUE THURSDAY Castle Learning DUE FRIDAY Article assignment DUE MONDAY 1/9/17

LAUNCH

Recall photosynthesis Brainpop – photosynthesis https://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/photosynthesis/

Cellular Respiration

What is Cellular Respiration? Process that converts the energy stored in glucose into a more usable form (ATP) Heterotrophs obtain glucose from the foods that we eat. Autotrophs make glucose through the process of __________________ photosynthesis Autotrophs and heterotrophs both complete cellular respiration

What is ATP? ATP: adenosine triphosphate. The molecule your cells use for ENERGY. Energy is released when the third phosphate is broken off the molecule.

Now what happens to the glucose? PHOTOSYNTHESIS  SUGAR STARCH STARCH  GLUCOSE  CELLULAR RESPIRATION CELLULAR RESPIRATION  ATP (ENERGY)

There are two types of respiration Aerobic (with oxygen) Anaerobic (without oxygen)

Aerobic Respiration Producing ATP WITH oxygen. Catalyzed by enzymes in the… mitochondria. Efficient form of respiration 1 glucose  36 ATP molecules The ATP made, in the mitochondria, is used to obtain, transform, and transport materials, and to eliminate wastes.

Where does aerobic cellular respiration occur? In all cells, plant or animal, cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria.

The Equation for cellular respiration Yes, there is another equation you MUST know… C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H2O + Glucose + Oxygen - Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP Raw materials Products 36 ATP

What organelle is this taking place in? MITOCHONDRIA Cellular Respiration H20 CO2 O2 ATP C6H12O6

Remember what the chloroplasts looked like in comparison to the mitochondria    

Lab Is there CO2 in the air we exhale?

BRAINPOP Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis https://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/cellularrespiration/ Photosynthesis https://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/photosynthesis/

What if there is no oxygen???

Think about it When you exercise hard, you feel a burning in your muscles. Why do you think that happens????

Anaerobic Respiration WITHOUT oxygen. Catalyzed by enzymes in the… cytoplasm. Inefficient form of respiration 1 glucose  2 ATP molecules only Poisonous waste chemicals are formed as a result. Takes place in some bacteria, fungi and yeast.

There are 2 types of anaerobic respiration The Equation If it occurs in your muscle cells it is… lactic Acid Fermentation Lactic Acid is the chemical that builds up in our muscle cells and causes muscle soreness and fatigue. (muscle fatigue) C6H12O6  CO2 + H2O + lactic acid + 2ATP

If it occurs in yeast or bacteria cells it is.. Alcoholic Fermentation This reaction is how alcoholic beverages are made. C6H12O6  CO2 + H2O + alcohol + 2ATP

So What exactly is ATP used for by organisms Once ATP is produced, it is stored until the cell needs to use it for work. What type of work? Metabolic activity Removal of waste products Transport ATP  Products + energy for metabolism

Brain pop Cellular respiration https://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/cellularrespiration/zoom.weml

Real Life Connections What do pickles, bread yogurt, wine, beer, and cheese have in common? All of these foods are made by fermentation. When you ferment a food, you encourage growth of “good” microorganisms in it, while preventing growth of spoilage-causing microorganisms. Doing this successfully may require controlled conditions, such as temperature and pH. By eating spoilage-sensitive parts of the food, and releasing chemicals as a by-product, the microorganisms help preserve the food, and change its flavor and texture in interesting ways.

Here is a brief look at how fermentation is used to make different foods: Pickled Vegetables. The vegetable is soaked in a salt brine, allowing the growth of bacteria that eat the vegetable’s sugars and produce tart-tasting lactic acid. Wines. Yeasts, added to crushed grapes eat the grapes’ sugar and produce alcohol.

Breads Yeasts, added to dough, digest sugars (derived from starches in dough) and produce carbon dioxide causing the dough to rise. Cheeses Milk bacteria digest the milk sugar lactose and produce lactic acid, which acts with the added enzyme rennet to curdle the milk. The cheesemaker drains off the whey and compacts the curds, which various microbes then ripen into a mature cheese.

CHLOROPLASTS VS. MITOCHONDRIA

1/11/13 Aim: What happens when we do not have enough oxygen? HW: Cell exam corrections packet DUE MON. Hand in sub work from FRI. Transpiration regents question DUE TUES. PERIODS 3 & 7 DUE WED PERIOD 9 Homework quiz# 6 review book page 25 questions 17,19, 20-22 write in complete sentences. DUE THURS. Castle Learning Photosynthesis & Respiration home EXAM DUE MONDAY 1/14/13. Do now: Complete bottom of “what do you remember” worksheet “cellular respiration,” and questions 1-3 in lab. Think about it: When you exercise hard, you feel a burning in your muscles. Why do you think that happens????

12/13/10 Aim: How can we determine how all organisms get energy? HW: In your notebook, draw a picture of a cell with the mitochondria inside. Label the cell membrane and the mitochondria. Under the picture write the function of the mitochondria and explain what must go through the cell membrane for the mitochondria to function. Do now: Quiz Write your HW. Take out your photosynthesis/respiration work sheet from Friday. Think about it: Why do you think you never see plants and trees hunting for food?

1/3/12 Aim: How can we determine how all organisms get energy? HW: Complete questions 1-4 cell respiration worksheet. Do now: Quiz Take out your hw from Monday & Write today’s HW. Think about it: Why do you think you yawn???

12/14/10 Aim: Describe what molecules can defuse through the cell membrane and why. HW: Explain the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. (use a dictionary or your notes from earlier in the year.) Do now: Quiz Take out your hw & Write today’s HW.

12/15/10 Aim: What happens when we do not have enough oxygen? HW: Current events science article due tomorrow. Do now: Quiz Take out your HW worksheet & Write your HW. Think about it: When you exercise hard, you feel a burning in your muscles. Why do you think that happens????

12/16/10 Aim: How do organisms make energy without oxygen? HW: Castle learning assignment # 3 due tomorrow. Do now: Quiz Take out your HW worksheet & Write your HW. Think about it: Bread is made by using the organism known as yeast. How do you think this works?

Think about it Why do you think you never see plants and trees hunting for food? Why do you think you yawn??? When you exercise hard, you feel a burning in your muscles. Why do you think that happens???? : Bread is made by using the organism known as yeast. How do you think this works?

Aims From where do we get the things we need to make energy??

1/9/12 Aim: How do we review and study for photosynthesis & respiration unit exam? EXAM TOMORROW TUESDAY 1/10/12 HW: SPECIAL WKEND HW CASTLE LEARNING PHOTOSYNTHESIS & RESPIRATION EXAM REVIEW DUE TODAY. Do now: Work on Photosynthesis & Respiration bullet point regents question. (8 minutes).

Work in groups to complete Concept review work sheet. (10 minutes). 1/6/12 Aim: How do we review and study for photosynthesis & respiration unit exam? EXAM NEXT MONDAY 1/9/12 HW: Homework quiz 8 DUE WEDNESDAY Article assignment DUE THURSDAY Castle Learning DUE FRIDAY SPECIAL WKEND HW CASTLE LEARNING PHOTOSYNTHESIS & RESPIRATION EXAM REVIEW Do now: Work in groups to complete Concept review work sheet. (10 minutes).

1/3/12 HAPPY NEW YEAR! Aim: How can we determine how all organisms get energy? HW: Homework quiz 8 DUE WEDNESDAY Article assignment DUE THURSDAY Castle Learning DUE FRIDAY Do now: Work sheet. Think about it: All organisms make energy by cellular respiration. But how do organisms get the raw materials they need to make energy?