Pure Substances and Mixtures

Pure Substances and Mixtures A substance that contains only one kind of particle is called a pure substance (diamond, aluminum foil, table sugar) A mixture contains two or more pure substances. Mixtures can be any combination of solids, liquids, and gases (Breads are mixtures of yeast, flour, sugar, water, air, and other chemicals) Can you think of some other examples of mixtures? Mixtures are often called solutions.

Type of Mixtures gas in gas - The atmosphere is a mixture of gases, mostly nitrogen and oxygen. liquid in liquid - Wine is a mixture of mostly ethanol and water. solid in solid - Alloys, such as brass, are made up of a mixture of metals. gas in liquid - Soft drinks, such as cola, are mixtures of mainly carbon dioxide gas and water. solid in liquid - Sea Water is a mixture of salts dissolved in water. solid in gas - Smoke is mixture of tiny solid particles in atmospheric gases.

Pure Substance OR Mixture Sugar Water Pizza Sand Honey Cereal Laundry detergent Flour Jello

Part 2

Mixtures and Solutions Solute and Solvent

Matter (Solid, Liquid, Gas) Pure Substances: You can see only one thing because there is only one kind of particle in it. Mixtures: There are two or more parts Mechanical Mixtures: You can see two parts Solution They are mixed so well together you can't see either Solute: a substance that is dissolved. For example, sugar Solvent: the substance doing the dissolving

Say you made a solution of red food coloring in water:

Review Solutions In solutions, can you see two parts or are they mixed together so well that you only see one thing? you only see one thing Are solutions mixtures or pure substances? Mixtures What states of matter can a solution be? Solid, liquid, or gas What two parts, both starting with an "s", must every solution have? A solute and a solvent

In a salt water solution… Is salt the solute or the solvent? Solute Is water the solute or the solvent? Solvent What does the solute do? Gets dissolved What does the solvent do? Does the dissolving

Types of Solutions

Solution Worksheet Cigarette Smoke and Air What is the Solute and what is the solvent? Label Each. Cigarette Smoke and Air Caffeine and Water (Cup of Coffee) Water and Oxygen (Water in a Fish Tank) Carbon Dioxide and Sugar Water (Sealed Can of soda) Oxygen and Nitrogen (Air) Minerals and Water (Hard Water) Water and Sugar (Maple Syrup) Acetic Acid and Water (Vinegar) Salt and Water (Ocean Water) Make your own solute solute solute solute solute solute solute solute solvent solvent solvent solvent solvent solvent solvent solvent

Solubility of Substances Insoluble: can't be dissolved any further Soluble: can be dissolved more Unsaturated Solution:  You can dissolve more solute at the same temperature. If you were to add more solute to an unsaturated liquid, the solute would continue to dissolve. A teaspoon of salt in a bucket of water makes an unsaturated solution. If you add another teaspoon, it, too, would dissolve. Saturated Solution:  A saturated solution cannot dissolve any more solute at a certain temperature. If your little brother or sister adds one teaspoon of sugar to their Kool-Aid, it is still unsaturated. If they keep adding sugar, it will stop dissolving and start to fall to the bottom. This is a saturated solution, because no more solute (sugar) will dissolve. Sweet Tea (unsaturated solution) Atlantic Ocean Saturated Solution

Insoluble and Soluble After each of these substances, determine if it is soluble or insoluble. Sand Salt Sugar Rice

Part 3 Types of Mixtures  There are two main categories of mixtures: homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous mixtures. In a homogenous mixture all the substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture (salt water, air, blood). In a heterogeneous mixture the substances are not evenly distributed (chocolate chip cookies, pizza, rocks)  Within the categories of homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures there are more specific types of mixtures including solutions, alloys, suspensions, and colloids.  Solutions (homogeneous)  A solution is a mixture where one of the substances dissolves in the other. The substance that dissolves is called the solute. The substance that does not dissolve is called the solvent.  An example of a solution is salt water. These components can be easily separated through evaporation and they each retain their original properties.