IMMUNE SYSTEM NON-SPECIFIC DEFENSE PP. 957-960 IMMUNE SYSTEM NON-SPECIFIC DEFENSE

FUNCTION Fights pathogens to prevent infections and disease

FUNCTION Fights pathogens to prevent infections and disease Works with the lymphatic system (collects fluid and returns it to the blood)

STRUCTURES Bone marrow: produces blood cells Lymphocytes: white blood cells (wbc)

STRUCTURES Bone marrow: produces blood cells Lymphocytes: white blood cells (wbc) Lymph nodes: stores wbc Thymus: matures wbc

STRUCTURES Bone marrow: produces blood cells Lymphocytes: white blood cells (wbc) Lymph nodes: stores wbc Thymus: matures wbc Spleen: contains wbc that clean out pathogens as blood filters through

INITIATING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Antigen: any substance that the immune system responds to.

INITIATING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Antigen: any substance that the immune system responds to. pathogens: cause disease

INITIATING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Antigen: any substance that the immune system responds to. pathogens: cause disease viruses: protein shell containing DNA or RNA Bacteria Fungi (spores) Parasites Toxins (snake bites etc)

INITIATING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Antigen: any substance that the immune system responds to. pathogens: cause disease viruses: protein shell containing DNA or RNA Bacteria Fungi (spores) Parasites Toxins (snake bites etc) Allergens: Cause allergies (pollen etc.) Put Your Hands Together

Nonspecific Defense Protects body against any pathogen, regardless of the pathogen’s identity.

FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE Skin Block entry Toxic-Sweat & Oil

FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE Skin mucous membranes Block entry Toxic-Sweat & Oil mucous membranes Mucous-traps pathogens Cilia-moves pathogens out of body

FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE Skin mucous membranes stomach acids Block entry Toxic-Sweat & Oil mucous membranes Mucous-traps pathogens Cilia-moves pathogens out of body stomach acids destroys pathogens

SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE Non Specific Response Inflammatory response

SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE Non Specific Response Inflammatory response Injured cells release a chemical signal called histamine to increase blood flow to area

SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE Non Specific Response Inflammatory response Injured cells release a chemical signal called histamine to increase blood flow to area Platelets cause clotting trapping pathogens

SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE Non Specific Response Inflammatory response Injured cells release a chemical signal called histamine to increase blood flow to area Platelets cause clotting trapping pathogens Area swells, becomes warm, and macrophages/phagocyte (wbc) move in and engulf bacteria

SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE Non Specific Response interferons: enzymes that stop virus protein production

SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE Non Specific Response interferons: enzymes that stop virus protein production fever: slow growth of bacteria and increase activity of wbc Should a fever always be treated? Why or why not?

SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE Non Specific Response Your body has many different types of lymphocytes (WBC)

SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE Non Specific Response Your body has many different types of lymphocytes (WBC) Types of Phagocytes (engulf) Neutrophils: Ingest pathogens

SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE Non Specific Response Your body has many different types of lymphocytes (WBC) Types of Phagocytes (engulf) Neutrophils: Ingest pathogens Macrophage: Engulf pathogens & other cell debris Natural Killer Cells: Burst pathogen infected cells