VISION and the National Development Three Indian Scientists - Dr. Kothari, Dr. Baba, Dr. Vikram Sarabhai All of them Physicists started Physics research institution that blossomed into defence technology, nuclear technology and space technology Technology that give immediate benefits to the people have to be promoted for the benefit of the national development Three institution – ISRO, DRDO and DAE - 20,000 scientists and technologists Basic science is very vital for growth of technology and growth of scientific technological leaders. BARC www.presidentofindia.nic.in

HIGH TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA NEW SPACE MISSIONS HYPERPLANE INSAT-2 IRS PSLV GSLV REUSABLE HYPERSONIC MISSILES ASLV SLV-3 ARYABHATA BRAHMOS ALH 60 MILLION LINES HANSA LCA HIGH TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA 20 MILLION LINES PRITHVI MBT AGNI RAX SUPER COMPUTERS TERA FLOPS SUPER COMPUTERS 100 GFLOP SUPER COMPUTERS Technology has multiple dimensions. Geopolitics convert the technology to a particular nation’s policy. The same policy will lead to economic prosperity and capability for national security. For example, the developments in chemical engineering brought fertilizers for higher yield of crops while the same science led to chemical weapons. Likewise, rocket technology developed for atmospheric research helped in launching satellites for remote sensing and communication applications which are vital for the economic development. The same technology led to development of missiles with specific defense needs that provides security for the nation. The aviation technology development has led to fighter and bomber aircraft, and the same technology will lead to passenger jet and also help operations requiring quick reach of support to people affected by disasters. When nuclear science was born in India, in 1950s, India, in two decades, got nuclear medicine, nuclear irradiation for preservation of agricultural products, nuclear power and much later weapons. At this stage, let us study global growth of technology and human impact. PACE+ & PARAM POKHRAN I 0.1 G FLOP SUPER COMPUTER 3000 MW POWER GENERATION 20,000 MW POWER GENERATION POKHRAN II 500 MW FAST BREEDER REACTOR www.presidentofindia.nic.in www.presidentofindia.nic.in

TECHNOLOGY : INTERFACES Technology is the most Non-linear tool Technology can effect the most fundamental changes in the ground rules of economic competitiveness Science is linked to Technology through Applications Technology is linked to Economy and Environment through Manufacture Economy and Environment link Technology to Society SOCIETY TECHNOLOGY ECONOMY SCIENCE Manufacture Application ENVIRONMENT www.presidentofindia.nic.in

TECHNOLOGY THROUGH AGES 10000 BC 5000 BC 1000 1500 1800 1900 1940 1960 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 19th Century 20th Century 21st Century Stone Age Bronze Age Iron Age Chemical Age Plastics Age Materials Age Info & Knowledge Age Nanotechnology Age Biotechnology Age Nuclear Age Natural Sources & Craftsmanship Synthesis, Engineering, combinatorial, simulation Strategies Natural Ceramics Natural Metals Metallurgy Small Molecules Large Molecules (Polymers) Atomic (fission/fusion) Advanced Materials (Composites) (Computer chips) Genetic Engg. Genomics Proteonics INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BIOLOGICAL REVOLUTION DARK AGE RENAISSANCE Nano Gears Accelerometer www.presidentofindia.nic.in

NANO COMPUTERS - THE NEXT GENERATION COMPUTERS ADVANTAGES Low Power & Cost Long retention of molecular memory Excellent Elect. Performance MOLECULAR SWITCH MOLECULAR CIRCUIT 100Gb/in2 NANO CELL “CROSS-BAR” MEMORY 500Gb/in2 RADICALLY FASTER & CHEAPER TO BUILD ASSEMBLY ULTRA-DENSE NANO COMPUTER MEMORY 1 Tb/in2 10 Tb/in2 www.presidentofindia.nic.in