Heart  Lungs  Heart  Body Blood Flow Heart  Lungs  Heart  Body

The HUMAN HEART

*Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium on the right side of the heart. *Deoxygenated blood comes in from the upper body through the superior vena cava and from the lower body though the inferior vena cava.

While the deoxygenated blood is in the right atrium, the tricuspid valve is closed to keep the blood from flowing down to the right ventricle.

The right atrium contracts and the tricuspid valve opens, forcing the blood down into the right ventricle.

The tricuspid valve closes again so that blood cannot move back up into the right atrium.

The right ventricle contracts The right ventricle contracts. This forces the deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary arteries.

The right pulmonary artery takes the deoxygenated blood to the right lung. The left pulmonary artery takes the deoxygenated blood to the left lung. THE PULMONARY ARTERIES ARE THE ONLY ARTERIES THAT CARRY DEOXYGENEATED BLOOD.

The oxygen in the lungs diffuses into the blood. In the lungs, the carbon dioxide in the blood diffuses into the alveoli. The oxygen in the lungs diffuses into the blood. This is called gas exchange. http://www.webmd.com/hw/health_guide_atoz/tp10237.asp

Oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the left atrium through the pulmonary vein The mitral valve is closed to keep the blood from going into the left ventricle.

THE PULMONARY VEINS ARE THE ONLY VEINS THAT CARRY OXYGENATED BLOOD. Oxygenated blood from the right lung returns to the heart through the right pulmonary vein. Oxygenated blood from the left lung returns to the heart through the left pulmonary vein. THE PULMONARY VEINS ARE THE ONLY VEINS THAT CARRY OXYGENATED BLOOD.

The left atrium contracts The left atrium contracts. This forces the oxygenated blood through the mitral valve into the left ventricle.

The mitral valve closes again The mitral valve closes again. This keeps the oxygenated blood from moving back up into the left atrium.

Oxygenated blood is forced into the aorta to be carried to the rest of the body.

Blood carrying carbon dioxide then returns to the heart. Oxygenated blood is carried to all body cells where oxygen diffuses into the cells and carbon dioxide diffuses into the blood. Blood carrying carbon dioxide then returns to the heart.

And the cycle begins again. SA Node: Specialized heart cells in right atrium that initiate electrical impulse to contract. The “pacemaker” AV Node: Located in the septum between atria Receives impulse from SA node to contract the ventricles a fraction of a second after atria

Meanwhile… While the blood is moving oxygen and carbon dioxide around, it is also moving nutrients, other wastes, hormones, and antibodies at the same time.

Blood Vessels Pulmonary Circulation: Systemic Circulation: Blood flow between the heart and lungs Systemic Circulation: Blood travels between the heart and body tissues

Blood Vessels Pulmonary Circulation: Systemic Circulation: Blood flow between the heart and lungs Systemic Circulation: Blood travels between the heart and body tissues

More About Systemic Circulation: 1. Coronary Circulation Supplies blood to heart itself Blood flow in coronary arteries supply blood to heart 2. Hepatic Portal Circulation Nutrients are picked up by capillaries in small intestine and are transported to liver 3. Renal circulation Blood going to kidneys (about 25% of blood goes here to filter wastes)

Blood Basics Forensic Science T. Trimpe 2006 http://sciencespot.net/

What makes up our blood? RED BLOOD CELLS (Erythrocytes) Most abundant cells in blood produced in the bone marrow contain hemoglobin (carries oxygen to our cells) live 120-130 days 30 trillion rbc’s…2 million disintegrate every second. WHITE BLOOD CELLS (Leukocytes) part of the immune system destroy infectious agents called pathogens. Wbc’s can squeeze out of blood vessels into intercellular fluid to fight infection Phagocyte: engulf microorganisms Wbc’s can produce antibodies (proteins destroy bacteria/virus)

What makes up our blood? PLASMA- PLATELETS (Thrombocytes) – The yellowish liquid portion of blood contains electrolytes, nutrients and vitamins, hormones, clotting factors, and proteins to fight infection. 90% water. PLATELETS (Thrombocytes) – clotting factors carried in the plasma they clot together in a process called coagulation to seal a wound and prevent a loss of blood. PROTEIN, fibrin, and red blood cells harden into a clot or scab.

Blood Facts The average adult has FIVE liters of blood, which makes up 7-8% of their body weight. Blood is living tissue that carries oxygen and nutrients It also fights against infection and heal wounds There are one billion red blood cells in 2-3 drops of blood. For every 600 red blood cells, there are 40 platelets and one white blood cell. http://www.bloodbankofalaska.org/about_blood/index.html

Genetics of Blood Types Your blood type is established before you are BORN, by specific GENES inherited from your parents. These two genes - one gene from your MOTHER and one from your FATHER - determine your blood type by causing proteins called antigens to exist on the surface of all of your red blood cells.

AA or AO = Type A BB or BO = Type B OO = Type O AB = Type AB What are blood types? There are 3 alleles for blood type: A, B, & O. Since we have 2 genes, there are 6 possible combinations. Blood Types AA or AO = Type A BB or BO = Type B OO = Type O AB = Type AB http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/blood/types.cfm

How common is your blood type?

Blood Transfusions O A B AB A blood transfusion is a procedure in which blood is given to a patient through an intravenous (IV) line in one of the blood vessels. Blood transfusions are done to replace blood lost during surgery or a serious injury. A transfusion also may be done if a person’s body can't make blood properly because of an illness. Who can give you blood? People with TYPE O blood are called Universal Donors, because they can give blood to any blood type. People with TYPE AB blood are called Universal Recipients, because they can receive any blood type. Rh +  Can receive + or - Rh -  Can only receive - A B O AB Universal Donor Universal Recipient

Rh Factors A+ A- B+ B- AB+ AB- O+ O- Scientists study Rhesus monkeys to learn about human anatomy A certain blood protein was discovered that was in the blood of some people (but not everyone) The presence of the protein, or lack of it, is referred to as the Rh (for Rhesus) factor. If your blood contains the protein, your blood is Rh positive (Rh+). If your blood does not contain the protein, your blood is said to be Rh negative (Rh-). A+ A- B+ B- AB+ AB- O+ O- http://www.fi.edu/biosci/blood/rh.html

Blood Evidence Blood samples – Can be analyzed to determine blood type and DNA, which can be matched to possible suspects. Blood droplets – Can be analyzed to give clues to the location of a crime, movement of a victim, and type of weapon. Blood spatter – Can be analyzed to determine patterns that give investigators clues to how a crime might have happened.

Microscopic Views Bird Blood Fish Blood Horse Blood Cat Blood Dog Blood Fish Blood Frog Blood Snake Blood Microscopic Views Human Blood Horse Blood