Cardiovascular system Jasmine Z., Will G., Macy M., Reid M.

Homeostasis The circulatory system is composed of vessels that take blood from the heart, capillaries where exchange happens, and vessels that give blood back to the heart. There are two circuits that the blood goes through: the pulmonary and systemic circuits. The pulmonary system takes blood through the lungs and gas exchange happens and systemic system transports blood through the body where exchange with tissue fluid happens.

Arteriosclerosis This is a common disease of the cardiovascular system that is caused by the buildup of cholesterol, fat, or other substances in the artery wall. Accumulation in the artery cause the vessel to narrow and stiffen, restricting the blood flow to organs and tissues. Can be caused by diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and smoking.

Aortic Aneurysm This disease occurs when a section of the aorta bulges, swells, and stretches. The bulge can weaken the aorta to the point that it bursts, releasing blood into the body. It can be caused by high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, aging, and a positive family history.

Number of chambers in the human heart All mammals, including humans, have four chambers in their heart: two atria and two ventricles. The right atrium gets oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it into the right ventricle, which then pumps the blood to the lungs. The left atrium gets oxygen rich blood from the lungs and gives it to the left ventricle, which pumps the blood into the body.

Pathway of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood Deoxygenated blood goes through the right ventricle and right atrium in the pulmonary circuit this goes to the lungs oxygenating the blood. Then oxygenated blood goes through the left ventricle and left atrium through the systemic circuit. This delivers blood everywhere else in your body and deoxygenates the blood.

How circulatory systems interact with respiratory and digestive systems. The respiratory system oxygenates the blood allowing the blood to deliver oxygen all throughout the body. The digestive system digests nutrients and brings it to the bloodstream where it will be delivered throughout your body.

Structural and functional differences of arteries and veins Artery 1. Vessels which carry blood from the heart to various body parts 2. Arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart except pulmonary artery 3. Arteries have thick elastic muscular walls 4. Valves are absent 5. Blood flows under high pressure Vein 1. Vessels which carry blood from the various body parts to the heart 2. Veins carry deoxygenated blood from the various body parts except pulmonary vein 3. Veins have thin non elastic walls 4. Valves are present to prevent the backward flow of blood 5. Blood flows under low pressure.

The main function(s) of the body system The circulatory system is the transport of oxygen from the lungs to the cells. The system has two basic parts: the pulmonary circulation, and systemic circulation. Pulmonary circulation takes blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen, and systemic circulation takes the oxygenated blood throughout the body. Along the way, the blood picks up nutrients, attacks diseases and gathers waste for eventual elimination.

The main organs (or cell types) of this system and the function of each part The Heart: The heart consists of four hollow chambers – two ventricles and two atria. All four chambers work like pumps and push blood throughout your body. The blood that moves towards the heart enters it through the atria and then goes out to your body through the ventricles. The Blood Vessels: The blood vessels are one of the most important circulatory system organs. Your blood vessels allow blood to flow quickly from one region to another and then allow it to come back to your heart. The Blood: Your heart pumps blood throughout your body and travels through thousands of miles, mainly because it has to move through the network of blood vessels within your body. Your blood is an amazing substance that carries water, nutrients, waste products and oxygen to and from your body cells. The Lungs: Your lungs aren't technically a part of circulatory system organs, but they really help make it possible for your heart to function correctly. Your lungs provide oxygen for your body.

Components of the blood -Red Blood Cells: Make up 40% of blood’s volume, carries oxygen from lungs and delivers it to body tissues. -Plasma: Liquid component of blood. -White Blood Cells: Defends body against infections -Platelets: Smaller than red and white blood cells. Platelets help seal blood vessels at a bleeding site.

Explanation of the Blood Pressure Blood pressure is the force pushing outwards on arterial walls. Pressure is created when blood is pumped out of the heart and when the heart is at rest. When blood is pumped at a higher rate and with more force, blood pressure increases.

Sources http://www.texasheart.org/HIC/Anatomy/ http://mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/maderbiology/supp/homeo.html http://www.md-health.com/Circulatory-System-Diseases.html http://www.webmd.com/heart/chambers-of-the-heart https://sites.google.com/a/apps.svsu.org/waterwheel-science/home/the- circulatory-system/circulatory-system-working-with-other-systems https://www.reference.com/science/main-function-circulatory-system-b0f2487b1ce21397 http://www.newhealthadvisor.com/Circulatory-System-Organs.html