CHAPTER 7 The Adult in Society Sociology 6/19/2018 CHAPTER 7 The Adult in Society Section 1: Early and Middle Adulthood Section 2: The World of Work Section 3: The Later Years Chapter 7

Objectives: Section 1: Early and Middle Adulthood Summarize Daniel Levinson’s theory of adult male development. Identify and describe the stages of adult female development.

Three Stages of Adult Male Development Section 1: Early and Middle Adulthood Three Stages of Adult Male Development Early Adulthood – ages 17-39, involves entering the adult world, choosing a career, establishing oneself in society, and making and re-evaluating commitments Middle Adulthood – ages 40-59, involves self-examination, reformulation of life goals, perhaps a midlife crisis, realization of one’s own mortality Late Adulthood – 60 to 75+, involves transitions

Phases of Adult Female Development Section 1: Early and Middle Adulthood Phases of Adult Female Development Phase 1: Leaving the Family – young women leave home, break from their parents, and form a life plan, with an emphasis on marriage over establishing a career. Phase 2: Entering the Adult World – many women, often in their twenties, marry and have children. More than half combine work and motherhood. Others leave work, which limits later job opportunities.

Phases of Adult Female Development Section 1: Early and Middle Adulthood Phases of Adult Female Development (continued) Phase 3: Entering the Adult World Again – many women, often in their early thirties, return to work after their children start school. They then pursue their career goals, similar to men in their twenties.

Objectives: Section 2: The World of Work Describe how the nature of work in the United States has changed. Explain how the composition of the labor force in the United States has changed.

Changes in the Nature of Work and the Labor Force Section 2: The World of Work Changes in the Nature of Work and the Labor Force Farming and Manufacturing – fell from 85 percent of the U.S. labor force in 1900 to 27 percent in 2000; most work now is in professions, office work, sales, and service jobs Education – workers’ education level has increased; about 90 percent of workers aged 25 to 64 have high school diplomas; about one third have college degrees

Changes in the Nature of Work and the Labor Force Section 2: The World of Work Changes in the Nature of Work and the Labor Force (continued) Women – have increased as a percentage of the total labor force; now hold about half of all professional jobs Minorities – have increased as a percentage of the total labor force; in particular Hispanics, who are the fastest growing group of American workers

Change in the Composition of the Labor Force Section 2: The World of Work Change in the Composition of the Labor Force Increase in the number of women and minorities in the labor force Better educated workforce Changes in the type of work people do Increase in career changes

Objectives: Section 3: The Later Years Describe the characteristics of life during late adulthood. Identify the new challenges that older Americans face.

Life During Late Adulthood Section 3: The Later Years Life During Late Adulthood Young-Old – ages 65 to 74; issues related to the adjustment of retirement Middle-Old – ages 75-84; issues related to declining physical and mental functioning, dependency, and death Old-Old – ages 85+; issues related to declining physical and mental functioning, dependency, and death

New Challenges of Older Americans Section 3: The Later Years New Challenges of Older Americans Adjustment to retirement Declining physical and mental functioning Dealing with dependency and death