Medical Careers Eden Area ROP Respiratory System Medical Careers Eden Area ROP

Functions Air exchange Filtration Oxygen carried to tissues Carbon dioxide carried out of body Filtration Cilia: small hairs line respiratory tract and trap substances that enter

Functions Sound production: Sense of smell: Enhances sound produces during speech Sense of smell: Receptors in the nose

Respiration 1 inhalation + 1 exhalation = respiration Inspiration/inhalation: breathing in oxygen Expiration/exhalation: breathing out carbon dioxide

Types of Respiration External respiration (Pulmonary): Process of getting oxygen to the capillaries in lungs and getting rid of carbon dioxide from capillaries in lungs Internal respiration: Oxygen rich blood travels from the capillaries in the lungs to all areas of the body. Carbon dioxide travels through the blood to the capillaries in the lungs to be removed.

Where air enters/exits Nose: Mucus warms and moisturizes air Cilia filters air as it enters Mouth: Where air enters when nasal passage is blocked

Structures of respiratory tract Pharynx: throat Epiglottis: flap-like structure that covers trachea when we swallow to prevent food/liquid from entering lungs

Structures of respiratory tract Larynx: voicebox Triangular chamber located below epiglottis that includes vocal cords and produces speech.

Trachea Windpipe Extends from the neck into the chest, directly in front of the esophagus Held open by C-shaped cartilage rings

Bronchi and Bronchioles The lower end of the trachea divides into two bronchi (tubes) that carry air into the lungs. One bronchus goes to the left lung, the other to the right lung. Bronchioles: The smallest branches of the bronchi

The “bronchial tree” The respiratory system structures are called the bronchial tree because they resemble an upside-down tree. Contained in the lungs

Alveoli Microscopic grape-like cluster of air sacs at the end of each bronchiole. Approximately 500 million in human body Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place here

Diaphragm Flat muscle that lies under the lungs Contracts= flattens; pulls air into lungs Relaxes=increases in size; pushes air out of lungs Separates thoracic and abdominal cavities

Lungs Organ that surrounds the bronchial tree and is filled with alveoli right lung: 3 sections (lobes) Left lung: 2 sections (lobes) and cardiac notch (where heart sits)

Pleura Thin membranes that cover lungs and thoracic cavity Visceral pleura: covers lungs Parietal pleura: covers thoracic cavity Pleural space: airtight space between the two membranes that contains a lubricating fluid.

Conditions Asthma: chronic allergic disorder causing severe breathing difficulty, coughing and wheezing Bronchitis: inflammation of the bronchial walls Pneumonia: inflammation of the bronchioles and alveoli; alveoli fill with fluid

Conditions Croup: acute viral infection characterized by a barking cough Cyanosis: bluish discoloration of the skin caused by lack of oxygen in the blood

Conditions Emphysema: progressive loss of lung function due to decrease number of alveoli and loss of elasticity of remaining alveoli

Emphysema

Conditions Lung Cancer: Growth of malignant cells in the lungs that destroy healthy tissue