Tongue-Controlled Computer Game: A New Approach for Rehabilitation of Tongue Motor Function Mohit Kothari, BDS, PhD, Peter Svensson, PhD, Dr Odont, Jim.

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Tongue-Controlled Computer Game: A New Approach for Rehabilitation of Tongue Motor Function Mohit Kothari, BDS, PhD, Peter Svensson, PhD, Dr Odont, Jim Jensen, MSc, Trine Davidsen Holm, DDS, Mathilde Skorstengaard Nielsen, DDS, Trine Mosegaard, DDS, Jørgen Feldbæk Nielsen, PhD, Dr Med, Maysam Ghovanloo, PhD, Lene Baad-Hansen, PhD Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 95, Issue 3, Pages 524-530 (March 2014) DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2013.08.008 Copyright © 2014 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Participant wearing headgear of the TDS with control of the computer cursor through the magnet attached to the tongue. (Illustration courtesy of Ole Hein Pedersen.) Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 95, 524-530DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2013.08.008) Copyright © 2014 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Mean ± SEM performance (number of game points) during 30 minutes (averaged 6 blocks of 5min) of playing computer game with the tongue using TDS. *Indicates significant difference from baseline in both groups (P<.001). #Indicates significant difference between tongue-disabled patient group (n=11) and age- and sex-matched control group (n=11) (P=.005). Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 95, 524-530DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2013.08.008) Copyright © 2014 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Mean ± SEM subject-based report of motivation, fun, pain, and fatigue on 0-to-10 numeric rating scales in different groups. (A) Tongue-disabled patient group (n=11), age- and sex-matched control group (n=11). No significant difference between groups was found for fun, pain, fatigue, or level of motivation (P>.633). (B) Healthy elderly group (n=16), healthy young participants (n=16). No significant differences between groups were found for level of motivation, fun, pain, and fatigue (P>.094). NRS, numerical rating scale. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 95, 524-530DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2013.08.008) Copyright © 2014 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Mean ± SEM performance (number of game points) during 40 minutes (averaged 8 blocks of 5min) of tongue training with TDS. *Indicates significant increase compared with baseline in both groups (P<.001). #Indicates significant difference between healthy elderly group (n=16) and healthy young group (n=16) (P<.001). Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2014 95, 524-530DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2013.08.008) Copyright © 2014 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions