Visual aids – design and type Why a visual aid? Save time Highlights key points Creates impact Helps the presenter Creates variety Builds interest

Type of visual

Type of visual

Equipment and Enviroment

Design Elements Color Space Fonts Font Sizes Clip Art/Photos Animations

Using Color Use light text on a dark background Use a limited number of colors Use one color for titles and another color for text Use colors consistently

Using Space Try to avoid large blank spaces Don’t put too much material on a single slide (7 X 7) Leave extra room at the edge of slides Try to limit each slide to six lines of text

Choosing Fonts Use fonts that are easy to read Avoid distracting, decorative fonts AVOID ALL CAPS Use a limited number of fonts Use fonts consistently

Font Sizes Use font size consistently for titles, subtitles, text, etc. Use a large enough font to be seen clearly 44-point for titles 32-point for text 54 44 32 24 12

Using Animations Animations allow you to manipulate text and add motion to otherwise static material Though fun, animations can be distracting and should not overpower the content of your speech

Planning Your Presentation Review your speech outline Identify points that can be illustrated with PowerPoint definitions charts graphs statistics, etc.

LANGUAGE FOCUS

Visual aids – design and type Introducing the visual OK.Let’s take a look at…... I have a transparency to show you. The first/second/next/final slide is…

Visual aids – design and type Meaning of the visual This shows/illustrates/demonstrates/refer to… This is a graph/an organigram whish shows… As you can see,this is… Here we can see…

Visual aids – design and type Focusing attention I’d like to draw your attention to… One of the most importan aspect of this is… At first glance it seems….but…

Visual aids – design and type Check with the audience Is that clear for everyone? Is that in focus? Can everybody see that?

Visual aids – describing charts Describing change up Up To go up To increase an increase To rise a rise To grow a growth

Visual aids – describing charts Describing change rocket To improve an improvement To get better an increase To recover a recovery To rocket a rocket

Visual aids – describing charts Describing change peak Other To remain stable To level out To reach a peak To peak a peak

Visual aids – describing charts Describing change down Down To go down To decrease a decrease To fall a fall To drop a drop

Visual aids – describing charts Describing change slump To deteriorate a deterioration To get worse To worsen a worsening To slump a slump

Visual aids – describing charts Describing change fluctuate To fluctuate a fluctuation To bottom out To reach a low point To hit a low a low

Visual aids – describing charts Speed of change Sales rose rapidly. There was a rapid rise in sales. Rapid - Rapidly Steady - Steadily Gradual - Gradually Slow - Slowly

Visual aids – describing charts Degree of change Sales rose dramatically. There was a dramatic rise in sales Dramatic - Dramatically Significant - Significantly Moderate - Moderately Slight - Slightly

Visual aids – describing charts Prepositions 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Sales rose from 3 million to 7 million. Sales rose by 4 million. There was an increase of 4 million over last year. Sales stood at 3 million in January. Jan 1999 Jan 2000 To stand at From…to… By… An increase of…

Visual aids – design and type Spot check - visuals Are spelling and grammar correct? Is lettering clear? Is the layout logical? Are the colours compatible? Does it communicate or distract?

Handling questions Questions Asking for clarification: Perhaps posed by student What did you mean when you said..? Are you saying that..? Could you go over that again,please?It wasn’t very clear for me. Could you say a little bit more about…? Don’t you think that…?

Handling questions Clarify if you don’t understand If I understand you correctly,you want to know… You’re asking me about …. Is that right ? Sorry , I didn’t follow / catch the question. Could you repeat for me , please ? In other words , you’re asking ….

Handling questions How do you respond?

Handling questions Ineffective responses Effective responses Avoid!!! I’m afraid I can’t really answer that. That’s not really my area / field , I’m afraid …. I don’t have the figures with me. I’m afraid that question goes beyond the subject of today’s class. I’m afraid that’s confidential. I’m not at liberty to give you that information. I’d be glad to discuss that with you personally after the class. That’s a good / difficult /complex / an interesting question. Thank you for asking that question. I’m glad someone asked that question. It allows me to say… Yes , I mentioned in the introduction….. As I said / pointed out / explained earlier , ….. I think / already made it clear that.. Avoid!!!

Handling questions ACCEPTING CRITISM I accept that. / That’s a fair point. / I agree with what you ’re saying. Up to a point , I agree. RETURNING A QUESTION Well , let me ask you the same question. OK.Let me ask you a question. I can answer that by asking you a question. CHECK YOUR ANSWER Does that answer your question? / Is that OK ? Is that clear now ? / Can we move on ?