ARDUINO FOUR QUADRANT DC MOTOR CONTROL SUBMITTED BY

ABSTRACT The aim of this project is four quadrant speed control of the DC motor. The motor is operated in four quadrants viz, clockwise; counter clock-wise, instantaneous forward brake and instantaneous reverse brake. The speed of DC motor is directly proportional to the DC voltage applied across its terminals. Hence, if we control the voltage applied across its terminal, we actually can control its speed. Instantaneous brake happens as a result of applying a reverse voltage across the running motor for a brief period.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

HARD WARE EQUIPMENTS POWER SUPPLY BLOCK ARDUINO LED L293D DC MOTOR RESISTORS & CAPACITORS

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS Definition for :- EMBEDDED SYSTEMS A combination of hardware and software which together form a component of a larger machine. An example of an embedded system is a microprocessor that controls an automobile engine. An embedded system is designed to run on its own without human intervention, and may be required to respond to events in real time.

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

ARDUINO The Arduino microcontroller is an easy to use yet powerful single board computer that has gained considerable traction in the hobby and professional market. The Arduino is open-source, which means hardware is reasonably priced and development software is free.

Image of development board

Features of Duemalinove The Duemalinove board features an Atmel ATmega328 microcontroller operating at 5 V with 2 Kb of RAM, 32 Kb of flash memory for storing programs and 1 Kb of EEPROM for storing parameters. The clock speed is 16 MHz, which translates to about executing about 300,000 lines of C source code per second

…..contd The Arduino programming language is a simplified version of C/C++. If you know C, programming the Arduino will be familiar. If you do not know C, no need to worry as only a few commands are needed to perform useful functions.

FOUR QUADRANT OPERATION OF DC MOTOR DC. Motor Equation

The function 4 Quadrant DC Motor

MOTOR driver L293D L293D is a dual H-bridge motor driver integrated circuit (IC). Motor drivers act as current amplifiers since they take a low-current control signal and provide a higher-current signal. This higher current signal is used to drive the motors. L293D contains two inbuilt H-bridge driver circuits. In its common mode of operation, two DC motors can be driven simultaneously, both in forward and reverse direction.

Operation of motor driver L293D has 2 set of arrangements where one set has input 1, input 2, output 1 and output 2 and other set has input 3, input 4, output 3 and output 4, according to block diagram if pin no 2 & 7 are high then pin no 3 & 6 are also high. If enable 1 and pin number 2 are high leaving pin number 7 as low then the motor rotates in forward direction. If enable 2 and pin number 10 are high leaving pin number 15 as low then the motor rotates in forward direction.

Contd.. If enable 1 and pin number 2 are low leaving pin number 7 as high then the motor rotates in reverse direction. If enable 2 and pin number 15 are high leaving pin number 10 as low then the motor rotates in forward direction.

DC- MOTOR A DC motor is an electric motor that runs on direct current (DC) electricity. In any electric motor, operation is based on simple electromagnetism. A simple 2-pole DC electric motor (here red represents a magnet or winding with a "North" polarization, while green represents a magnet or winding with a "South" polarization). Every DC motor has six basic parts -- axle, rotor (a.k.a., armature), stator, commutator, field magnet(s), and brushes.

BIBILOGRAPHY www.arduino.cc www.atmel.com www.beyondlogic.org www.wikipedia.org www.howstuffworks.com www.alldatasheets.com

THANK ‘Q’