US 2 Chapter 18: An Emerging World Power Section 1: The Roots of Imperialism
Causes of Imperialism European powers and Japan had been acquiring overseas territory since the mid 1800’s The reason for expansion was often resources from these smaller colonies such as iron, rubber and petroleum(oil) By the late 1800’s the US economy was booming and many in the US urged the government to expand and become a world power Alfred Mahan, a US Navy official made the argument that as the Navy grew it would need foreign bases to fuel and supply its ships
Commercial/Business interests
Closing the American Frontier
Social Darwinism Darwin’s theory “survival of the fittest” was intended to explain animal behavior Social Darwinist applied the theory to society and argued that it justified imperialism Some went further and believed it was the will of God that “civilized” societies take over “uncivilized” land and teach the natives how to live
Social Darwinist Thinking The White Man’s Burden The Hierarchy of Race
Hawaii: "Crossroads of the Pacific"
U. S. Missionaries in Hawaii Imiola Church – first built in the late 1820s
U. S. View of Hawaiians Hawaii becomes a U. S. Protectorate in 1849 by virtue of economic treaties.
Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani Hawaii for the Hawaiians!
U. S. Business Interests In Hawaii 1875 – Reciprocity Treaty 1890 – McKinley Tariff 1893 – American businessmen backed an uprising against Queen Liliuokalani. Sanford Ballard Dole proclaims the Republic of Hawaii in 1894.
To The Victor Belongs the Spoils Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898
US Imperialism: Page 588-589 How did Matthew Perry convince the Japanese Emperor to open trade with the US? When did the US acquire Midway Islands? What major naval base did the US acquire in Hawaii? What were some of the names used to mock Seward’s purchase of Alaska? Did the purchase of Alaska benefit the US? Why or why not?
Japan
US Acquires Hawaii The US had been involved in Hawaii going back to late 1700’s and early 1800’s in form of missionaries In 1887 the US forced the King to change the constitution giving greater voting rights to white landowners When the King died his sister Queen Liliuokalani fought back and abolished that agreement angering US interest
US acquires Hawaii Led by John Stevens, a US Minister to Hawaii and Sanford Dole, a wealthy planter, US Marines removed the Queen from power President Harrison and President Cleveland both declined to annex Hawaii President McKinley favored annexation and following the outbreak of the Spanish American War, Hawaii was officially annexed
US acquires Hawaii Led by John Stevens, a US Minister to Hawaii and Sanford Dole, a wealthy planter, US Marines removed the Queen from power President Harrison and President Cleveland both declined to annex Hawaii President McKinley favored annexation and following the outbreak of the Spanish American War, Hawaii was officially annexed
Japan
Commodore Matthew Perry Opens Up Japan: 1853 The Japanese View of Commodore Perry
Treaty of Kanagawa: 1854
Gentleman’s Agreement: 1908 A Japanese note agreeing to deny passports to laborers entering the U.S. Japan recognized the U.S. right to exclude Japanese immigrants holding passports issued by other countries. The U.S. government got the school board of San Francisco to rescind their order to segregate Asians in separate schools. 1908 Root-Takahira Agreement.
Root-Takahira Agreement: 1908 A pledge to maintain the status quo in the Far East. Recognition of China’s independence and territorial integrity, and support for continuation of the Open-Door Policy. An agreement to mutual consultation in the event of future Far Eastern crises.
Alaska
“Seward’s Folly”: 1867 $7.2 million
“Seward’s Icebox”: 1867