Contemporary History of Russia Introduction

Issues Concept of Contemporary. Problem of Periodization Time frame of the course and methodological approaches Emancipation of peasants and social and economical development of Russian Empire.

What is contemporary? Contemporary to whom? What is the difference between Modern and Contemporary?

Leonardo Bruni (c. 1370-1444) Antiquity Middle Ages Modern

Christoph Cellarius (Keller) (1638 –1707) Antiquity Middle Ages (395-1453) Modern time

Great French Revolution

Marx’s Periodization Asian - (?) Antique - slaves, Feudal - feud, bourgeois - capital society of the future – (commune).

Time frame 1861-1905 Introduction 1905-1918 Russian Revolutions 1918-1921 War Communism 1921-1928 NEP 1928-1941 Industrialization 1941-1953 Great Patriotic War 1953-1964 Ottepel (Thaw) 1964-1982 Stagnation 1982-1985 1985-1991 Perestroika 1991-2000 Federalism

Topics Political History and Policy of History Social transformations: peasants, women, family, childhood. Social and Political changes through material culture and life practices.

Serfdom Enslaving of peasants Sudebnik (Code of Laws) 1497 -Yuri's Day and “Pozhiloe” payment established (Noveber 26) Sedebnik 1550 г. “Pozhiloe” increased 1581 «Fobidden years» establishing (Yuri’s day temporary cancel) 1597 г. “Fixed years” (5 years search) 1607 г. “Fixed years” (15 years search) 1649 г. Sobornoye Ulozheniye (permanent search).

Андре Дюран. Вид села между Новгородом и Тверью Андре Дюран. Вид села между Новгородом и Тверью. Литография из книги «Voyage pittoresque et archéologique en Russie». 1839 Подробности: https://regnum.ru/pictures/2090938/6.html Любое использование материалов допускается только при наличии гиперссылки на ИА REGNUM.

Андре Дюран. Деревня между Костромой и Ярославлем Андре Дюран. Деревня между Костромой и Ярославлем. Литография из книги «Voyage pittoresque et archéologique en Russie». 1839 Подробности: https://regnum.ru/pictures/2090938/7.html Любое использование материалов допускается только при наличии гиперссылки на ИА REGNUM.

Peasants Emancipating Emancipation reform of 19 February1861: Liquidation of serf dependence Landowners had to apportion allotments to the peasants for an indefinite term usage Peasants had to pay off their plot of arable land (1,5 billion of Rubles instead 500 millions) Government paid to the landowners 80 % of the land cost, and the peasants were to repay to the state treasury within 49 years. Mir communities had the power to distribute the land given to newly freed serfs

Reforms 60-70 years of 19 c. Zemstvo reform 1 January 1864: the elective all - estate bodies of local self-government in the regions and districts of the country. The elections were not equal, they were carried out in three curiae: the land owners, the city real estate owners, the rural communities. The Zemstvo could address to the government with a petition, but had no right of legislative initiative

Myasoyedov G. Zemstvo at Lunch

Zemstvo’s school

Zemstvo’s hospital in Venyov https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venyov Zemstvo’s hospital in Venyov

Reforms 60-70 years of 19 c. City self-government reform: City Dumas -were created in towns They were elected for 4 years on the basis of the property qualification. The executive body of the City Duma was the city Uprava (administration) with the City Head as a chairman.

City Uprava building in Tomsk

Reforms 60-70 years of 19 c. Army reform 1874: general military service Judicial system reform 1864: The judicial power was separated from the executive and legislative ones. The courts of justice were organised from the representatives of all social estates, trials became public, criminal cases were tried by jury and advocates. The judges became irremovable and really independent on the government officials.

District Court building in Tomsk