The protestant reformation

Learning Target 7.54 I can list and explain the significance of the causes for the internal turmoil within and eventual weakening of the Catholic Church including tax policies, the selling of indulgences, and England’s break with the Catholic Church.

Causes of the Reformation 100 Years War and Black Death Scientific advances which contradicted the Roman Catholic Church Corruption (dishonest or illegal behavior) within the Catholic Church

Wealth and the Catholic Church People had to pay for church activities such as Christenings, marriages, burials, etc. People were also expected to pay a tithe to the Church which equaled 1/10 of their income. Church members were expected to work on the Church’s land for a certain number of days. Church’s also raised money by selling relics, selling indulgences, and by pilgrimages. B3.I,4.I,5.I,7

What Was the Protestant Reformation? REFORM = CHANGE B2,6

What Was the Protestant Reformation? Before the Reformation, all Christians in Western Europe were Roman Catholic. The Reformation was an attempt to reform (change) the Catholic Church. People like Martin Luther wanted to get rid of the corruption and restore the people’s faith in the church. In the end, the reformers (like Luther) established their own religions. The reformation caused a split in Christianity with the formation of new Protestant religions.

What was the Protestant Reformation? CHRISTIANITY CATHOLIC PROTESTANT

Martin Luther John Calvin Desiderius Erasmus William Tyndale The Reformers Martin Luther John Calvin Desiderius Erasmus William Tyndale Henry VIII

Martin Luther Lived from 1483-1546 in Germany Father encouraged him to study law A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk.

Martin Luther He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven. He turned to the Bible and confession for comfort. In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for.

“The righteous shall live by faith.” ROMANS 1:17 “The righteous shall live by faith.” Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

Luther’s 95 Theses Luther created a list of 95 things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church. He criticized: the power of the Pope the extreme wealth of the Church the selling of indulgences

Luther’s 95 Theses Gutenberg’s printing press made it possible for Luther to spread his ideas. He posted his 95 theses on church doors in Germany. He gained support from people and criticism from the Church.

Acceptance of Reforms Some local German churches accepted Luther’s ideas. Luther’s ideas were supported by German princes who issued a formal “protest” against the Catholic Church for suppressing the reforms. The reformers came to be known as Protestants.

CALVINISM Started in Switzerland – Calvinists England = Puritans Scotland = Presbyterians Holland = Dutch Reform France = Huguenots Germany = Reform Church

Christianity Protestant Catholic Lutheran Calvinism Puritan Presbyterian Puritan Hugeunots

John Calvin - Calvinism French lawyer - moved to religious community in Geneva, Switzerland “Faith Alone” saves you The Bible holds the truth Religious Education PREDESTINATION - God has already decided who is saved/condemned.

Calvinism Spreads to France, Germany, Netherlands, Scandinavia, Scotland Dutch Reformed, Scottish Presbyterians, American Baptists, Puritans, from this branch.

Desiderius Erasmus Born in Rotterdam (1466-1536) He was a classical scholar. He made new Latin and Greek editions of the Bible.

Desiderius Erasmus Erasmus wanted the Catholic Church to be reformed, but he did not leave the church. He believed people should be good in their everyday lives; it was not enough to just participate in religious activities. Erasmus believed that everyone has FREE WILL and is therefore rewarded or punished based on the choices he makes.

William Tyndale He was an English scholar (1494-1536). His parents died from the Black Death. He was sent to religious schools. Tyndale was influenced by both Erasmus and Luther.

William Tyndale He opposed laws prohibiting the translation of the Bible into vernacular languages. Tyndale made an English translation of the Bible, which was based on the original Hebrew and Greek texts. His translation was the first English Bible to be mass produced on the printing press. It was considered a challenge [threat] to the Roman Catholic Church and the laws of England.

Henry VIII of England Wished to divorce Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn Pope refused to grant it Henry declares himself head of the Church of England in the “Act of Supremacy” 1534 In America we call this the Anglican Church

The King is head of the church in England, not the Pope!! Act of Supremacy- 1534 The King is head of the church in England, not the Pope!!

The COUNTER-Reformation The Catholic Church Strikes Back!!

1545 Council of Trent Met over 17 years Determined what was heresy (against church teachings) Reaffirmed what was Church teachings Launched the Inquisition, and the Jesuits

IN SHORT, THE REFORMATION ENDED CHURCH UNITY IN WESTERN EUROPE

Learning Target Notebook Assignment Number your learning target notebook to page 7.55. Copy the learning target (next slide) into the top margin of the page. Divide the page into four boxes and label each one as shown on the last slide. Write a paragraph outlining why each person was upset with the Catholic Church and explain what each person believed (their beliefs/contributions are indicated in parentheses).

Learning Target 7.55 I can outline the reasons for growing discontent with the Catholic Church, including the main ideas of…and their attempts to reconcile what they viewed as God’s word with Christian action.

Learning Target 7.55 Martin Luther (salvation by faith) John Calvin (predestination) Desiderius Erasmus (free will) William Tyndale (translating Bible into English)

Learning Target Notebook Assignment Number your learning target notebook to page 7.50. Copy the learning target (next slide) into the top margin of the page. Divide the front and back of the page in half from side to side. Label each section as shown on slide 35. Write a paragraph about each person and the role he/she played during the Reformation.

Learning Target 7.50 I can investigate the Tudor dynasties, including Henry VIII, Mary I, and Elizabeth I.

Learning Target 7.50 FRONT OF PAGE BACK OF PAGE Henry VIII Elizabeth I Mary I