Introduction to Organic Chemistry (Session 28) Ciencias de la tierra

Organic Chemistry Branch of chemistry that studies the carbon compounds. The number of natural and synthetic organic compounds known to date is over ten million. Ciencias de la tierra

Most important elements of organic compounds: Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Sulfur Chloride Fluoride Iodine Hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen constitute 99.33 % of all the atoms that make organic compounds. Ciencias de la tierra

Other elements in the organic compounds: Phosphorus Magnesium Calcium Iron Cobalt Manganese Molybdenum Boron Ciencias de la tierra

Valence Electrons They are the electrons that are found in the last cap of the atom. By their electronic configuration we can know the number of valence electrons that an atom has and with this the number of bonds that they can form. For example: Hydrogen Atomic Number = 1 Electronic configuration 1s1 ____ They can only form one covalent bonds because they present one orbital s half full. Ciencias de la tierra

Bonds in the organic compounds The covalent bonds is the only predominant chemical bonds of the organic compounds. The covalent bonds is formed when the atoms are bonded share their electrons. In the organic compounds we can find two types of covalent bonds: Simple covalent, when two electrons are shared within atoms. Multiple covalent, when more then two electrons (four or six electrons) within atoms. Ciencias de la tierra

Multiple covalent bonds Simple covalent bonds C C H Multiple covalent bonds C C H C C H Ciencias de la tierra

Classification of organic compounds Organic compounds have been classified according to the group of atoms that characterize them and of which their chemical and chemical properties depend greatly on. This group of atoms has been named functional group. Ciencias de la tierra

Classification of organic compounds Functional Group Alkanes R-H Alkenes R-C=C- R Alkynes R-C≡C- R Alkyl Halides R-X where X=halogen and R =alkyl Alcohols R-OH Aldehydes R-CH=O Ketones R-C-R ׀׀ O Compound Functional Group Ethers R-O-R Carboxyl Acids R-C=O ׀ OH Esters O - R Amides NH2 Amines R - NH2 Ciencias de la tierra

Bibliography Catholic University of Cordoba. (2003). Faculty of Chemistry Sciences [Image]. Catholic University of Cordoba. Recuperated on May 27 2003 from the World Wide Web: http://www.uccor.edu.ar/facultades.php?facultad=5 Rakoff, H. et al. (1992). Fundamental Organic Chemistry. 1st ed. Mexico: LIMUSA Editorial Ciencias de la tierra