From: Computer Simulation of Rapid Granular Flow Through an Orifice Date of download: 10/27/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Computer Simulation of Rapid Granular Flow Through an Orifice J. Appl. Mech. 2006;74(1):111-118. doi:10.1115/1.2187529 Figure Legend: Schematic of gravitational flow through the flow restrictor

From: Computer Simulation of Rapid Granular Flow Through an Orifice Date of download: 10/27/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Computer Simulation of Rapid Granular Flow Through an Orifice J. Appl. Mech. 2006;74(1):111-118. doi:10.1115/1.2187529 Figure Legend: Case of 2000 particles in the system with an orifice 10mm in radius. The location of zo∕d=3.3 is also shown with a dashed line.

From: Computer Simulation of Rapid Granular Flow Through an Orifice Date of download: 10/27/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Computer Simulation of Rapid Granular Flow Through an Orifice J. Appl. Mech. 2006;74(1):111-118. doi:10.1115/1.2187529 Figure Legend: Case of 1600 particles in the system with an orifice 10mm in radius. The location of zo∕d=3.3 is also shown with a dashed line.

From: Computer Simulation of Rapid Granular Flow Through an Orifice Date of download: 10/27/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Computer Simulation of Rapid Granular Flow Through an Orifice J. Appl. Mech. 2006;74(1):111-118. doi:10.1115/1.2187529 Figure Legend: Case of 500 particles in the system with an orifice 10mm in radius. The location of zo∕d=3.3 is also shown with a dashed line.

From: Computer Simulation of Rapid Granular Flow Through an Orifice Date of download: 10/27/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Computer Simulation of Rapid Granular Flow Through an Orifice J. Appl. Mech. 2006;74(1):111-118. doi:10.1115/1.2187529 Figure Legend: Discharge rate from the orifice against the mean solid fraction upstream of the orifice for various orifice sizes

From: Computer Simulation of Rapid Granular Flow Through an Orifice Date of download: 10/27/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Computer Simulation of Rapid Granular Flow Through an Orifice J. Appl. Mech. 2006;74(1):111-118. doi:10.1115/1.2187529 Figure Legend: Discharge rate from the orifice against the normal stress exerted on the orifice for various orifice sizes

From: Computer Simulation of Rapid Granular Flow Through an Orifice Date of download: 10/27/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Computer Simulation of Rapid Granular Flow Through an Orifice J. Appl. Mech. 2006;74(1):111-118. doi:10.1115/1.2187529 Figure Legend: Profiles of granular temperature as a function of the distance from the exit for cases with different numbers of particles in the system with an orifice 10mm in radius. The location of zo∕d=3.3 is also shown with a dashed line.

From: Computer Simulation of Rapid Granular Flow Through an Orifice Date of download: 10/27/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Computer Simulation of Rapid Granular Flow Through an Orifice J. Appl. Mech. 2006;74(1):111-118. doi:10.1115/1.2187529 Figure Legend: Non-dimensionalized normal stress versus solid fraction for the case of ep=0.95. Data from the current simulation results are compared with the result of Lun .

From: Computer Simulation of Rapid Granular Flow Through an Orifice Date of download: 10/27/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Computer Simulation of Rapid Granular Flow Through an Orifice J. Appl. Mech. 2006;74(1):111-118. doi:10.1115/1.2187529 Figure Legend: The non-dimensionalized discharge rate against solid fraction for various orifice sizes

From: Computer Simulation of Rapid Granular Flow Through an Orifice Date of download: 10/27/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Computer Simulation of Rapid Granular Flow Through an Orifice J. Appl. Mech. 2006;74(1):111-118. doi:10.1115/1.2187529 Figure Legend: Non-dimensionalized discharge rate as a function of solid fraction with various values for the gravitational acceleration and tube lengths