What do you think is a mineral? 5 minute check November 12, 2013 What do you think is a mineral? Is there a difference between a rock and a mineral? 5.3 - The student will describe the characteristics and properties of minerals.

Difference between a rock and a mineral Rocks are made up of one or more minerals!!! The reason why some rocks have more than one color, is because they contain more than one mineral. Also, some rocks are made of other things, such as sand and pebbles, in addition to minerals.

BACKGROUND:  Scientists have identified over 3000 different minerals in the earth's crust. Minerals have played a very important role forming rocks, shaping Earth’s surface, and some have shaped civilization!!! Early humans made tools from iron. Calcite was used to make the Great Pyramid in Egypt. Throughout history, wars have been fought and empires have crumbled over minerals such as gold and silver.

What is a mineral? A naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and an orderly arrangement of atoms/crystalline structure Minerals are the building blocks of rocks To be called a mineral it must have the following 5 characteristics:

- Quick review - atoms: tiny particles made of matter, composed of protons, electrons, and neutrons. Brainpop Video

Minerals are made of 5 characteristics

Mineral characteristic #1 Solid not a liquid or a gas All solids have a definite volume and shape. Gases and liquids like air and water have no definite shape and they aren’t crystalline. Only a solid can be a mineral, but not all solids are minerals. Platinum (It might take two billion tons of ore to produce one pound of platinum!)

Mineral characteristic #2 occurs naturally not artificial or man-made These processes occur on or inside the earth with no input from humans.

Mineral characteristic #3 Inorganic - not alive and never alive A non example would be coal. Coal was formed from plants millions of years ago

Mineral characteristic #4 Definite/ Fixed chemical composition Some minerals like gold or silver are made of only one element. (A substance such as iron, oxygen, and gold which cannot be separated or broken down by ordinary chemical methods) Other minerals, like quartz and calcite, are combinations of two or more elements.

Mineral characteristic #5 atoms arranged in an orderly pattern to make an exact crystalline structure Minerals are usually solid crystals. They have a number of flat surfaces in an orderly arrangement. For example, a crystal of quartz is always hexagonal because of the way the atoms of silicon and oxygen join together.

Crystals from Magma Natural processes form crystals in many ways. For example, magma cools when it reaches the earths surface, or even if it’s trapped below the surface. As magma cools it’s atoms lose heat energy, move closer together, and begin to combine into compounds. During this process, atoms of different compounds arrange themselves into orderly repeating patterns. The type and amount of elements present in a magma partly determine which mineral will form. When magma cools slowly, the crystals that form are generally large enough to see with the unaided eye. When magma cools rapidly, the crystals that form will be small

SNIFE Solid Naturally Occurring Inorganic Fixed Composition Not Liquid or Gas Naturally Occurring Not Human-Made Inorganic Not Alive - Never Was Fixed Composition Same Elements Every Time Exact Crystal Structure Pattern Keeps Repeating

Are rocks and minerals the same thing, explain your reasoning? 5 minute check November 13, 2013 Are rocks and minerals the same thing, explain your reasoning? 5.3 - The student will describe the characteristics and properties of minerals.

Let’s review from yesterday Minerals are the building blocks of rocks To be called a mineral it must have the following 5 characteristics:

SNIFE Solid Naturally Occurring Inorganic Fixed Composition Not Liquid or Gas Naturally Occurring Not Human-Made Inorganic Not Alive - Never Was Fixed Composition Same Elements Every Time Exact Crystal Structure Pattern Keeps Repeating

Fixed Composition - Elements There are 118 different elements currently on the periodic table. ... The number of naturally occurring elements is actually 98 Approximately 98% (by weight) of the crust is made of only 8 of these elements. The 8 most common elements in Earth’s crust (by mass): 46.6% Oxygen (O) 27.7% Silicon (Si) 8.1% Aluminum (Al) 5.0% Iron (Fe) 3.6% Calcium (Ca) 2.8% Sodium (Na) 2.6% Potassium (K) 2.1% Magnesium (Mg)

Fixed Composition - Elements Most of the common minerals belong to a group called silicates Silicates are minerals that contain silicon (Si) and oxygen (O) and usually one or more other elements Silicon and Oxygen are the 2 most abundant elements in Earth’s crust. These 2 elements alone combine to form the basic building blocks of most minerals in Earth’s crust and mantle.

Exact Crystal Structure Of all the mineral characteristics, the crystal structure is perhaps the most important clue to mineral identification. Brainpop video

Explain what each of the 5 characteristics of minerals are. 5 minute check November 14, 2013 Explain what each of the 5 characteristics of minerals are. 5.3 - The student will describe the characteristics and properties of minerals.

Exact Crystal Structure Crystal system is a group of crystals that have similar atomic arrangements and therefore similar external crystal shapes. Crystals form by many processes. We are going to learn about two of those processes. A) Crystals that form by magma. b) Crystals that form solutions of salts.

Hot melted rock material, called magma, cools when it reaches Earth’s surface, or even if it’s trapped below the surface. As magma cools, its atoms lose heat energy, move closer together, and begin to combine into compounds. Atoms of the different compounds arrange themselves into orderly, repeating patterns. The type and amount of elements present in magma partly determine which minerals will form.

Crystals from Solution Crystals also can form from minerals dissolved in water. When water evaporates, as in a dry climate, ions that are left behind can come together to form crystals.

Crystals

Let’s fill in the worksheet Minerals

Posters Fill in posters with SNIFE on the top left Then as a group you are going to make a Crystalline Structure with shapes

5 minute check November 15, 2013 How are crystalline structures formed? **Hint (there are two ways) 5.3 - The student will describe the characteristics and properties of minerals.

Thanksgiving week project Bring in a glass jar Monday, November 25th We are going to make rock candy to see crystals form

SNIFE Solid Naturally Occurring Inorganic Fixed Composition Not Liquid or Gas Naturally Occurring Not Human-Made Inorganic Not Alive - Never Was Fixed Composition Same Elements Every Time Exact Crystal Structure Pattern Keeps Repeating

Categorize the items as either: Questions to ask yourself when determining if an item is a mineral or not: Is it non-living material? Is it a solid? Is it formed in nature? Does it have a crystalline structure? The next few slides show an assortment of items. Categorize the items as either: Minerals B. Non-Minerals

Wood

Wood – Non-Mineral-came from organic material

Gold

Gold - Mineral

Fossil

Fossil – Non-Mineral – came from organic material

Topaz

Topaz - Mineral

Bones

Bones – Non-Mineral – came from organic material

Granite

Granite - Non-Mineral – lots of crystalline structures meaning many minerals together to make it

Quartz

Quartz - Mineral

Pearls

Pearls - Non-Mineral – created by oysters so they don’t occur naturally

Talc

Talc - Mineral

Icebergs

Icebergs - Mineral

Diamond

Diamond - Mineral

Coal

Coal - Non-Mineral – Has organic material, it was formed from decayed plants and animals

Rock Salt

Rock Salt - Mineral

Extra Credit Who is this and were did he work?

This family lived on Cobblestone Lane in the Stone Age town of Bedrock Extra Credit Who is this and were did he work? This family lived on Cobblestone Lane in the Stone Age town of Bedrock Song

Posters Finish making SNIFE on your poster Make a crystalline structure