Vowels and Consonant Serikova Aigerim

Vowels Vowels: a vowel is a letter which makes a distinct sound by itself. If air passes straight through the mouth without being stopped or constricted anywhere, this forms a vowelsound. The vowels in the English language are: A, E, I, O, U

Consonants Consonants: The word consonant is used to refer to a letter of an alphabet that denotes a consonant sound.  It forms a syllable only in combination with vowel. Consonant letters in the English alphabet are: B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, Y, Z

The system of English sounds. Classifications of sounds The system of English sounds. Classifications of sounds. (Organs of speech) Organs of speech Active-movable are the organs of speech that are taking the active part in the sounds formation The passive organs of speech stay non moving during the process of articulation The air passage: Diaphragm Lungs Larynx Supraglottal cavities Pharynx Mouth Nasal cavities Organs of speech Active - movable The vocal cords The tongue The back of the tongue The front The blade The tip The lips The soft palate The uvula The pharynx (the back wall) The lower jaw The lungs Passive The teeth The teeth ridge The hard palate The bones resonators

The system of English sounds. Classifications of sounds. Produced by humans Phonemes (allophones) Consonants The consonants articulation involves the obstruction Vowels The vowels articulation is characterized by the absence of any obstruction or narrowing in the vocal tract Other Main definitions Sounds are combinations of the acoustic waves. Units of the phonetic system which help to recognize and distinguish words of the language are generally called phonemes. Different phonetic realizations of a phoneme are known as allophones. Minimal pairs are the pairs of words which are different in respect of one sound. Words like pin, tin, sin are distinguished by a change in the first consonantal element so the phoneme p, t, s may be revealed. The two main groups of sounds in the phonetics are consonants and vowels.

The system of English sounds. Classifications of sounds. (Consonants) Manner of noise production Non-sonorous Sonorous Type of obstruction Occlusive Constrictive Occlusive – constrictive Place of obstruction Labial Bilabial Labio-dental Lingual Fore lingual Medio lingual Back lingual Glottal Level of noise Unicentral Bicentral Work of the vocal cords Voiced Voiceless The degree of the muscular tension Strong (Fortis) Weak (Lenis)

The system of English sounds. Classifications of sounds. Vowels Stability of articulation Monophthongs Diphthongs Tongue position Front Front-retracted Central Back-advanced Height of the raised part (High, mid, low) Length Long Short Degree of tension Tense Lax Lip positions Neutral Spread Rounded