Historical Background of I/O Psychology

Overview: Industrial/ Organizational (I/O) Psychology What is I/O Psychology? I/O Psychology as a Career

What is I/O psychology? The application of psychological principles to the workplace (anywhere people work) Help people do their jobs help employers treat employees fairly help make jobs more interesting and satisfying help workers be more productive Prepared by the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology - SIOP © 1998

Treat employees fairly What is I/O psychology? Treat employees fairly Treat people from diverse backgrounds fairly select people for jobs provide training reward promotions/raises address harassment Prepared by the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology - SIOP © 1998

Make jobs more interesting/satisfying What is I/O psychology? Make jobs more interesting/satisfying Design jobs people will find satisfying rewarding work safe, efficient work areas (Human Factors) Motivate employees to perform Create teams that work well together combine diverse talents and perspectives Prepared by the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology - SIOP © 1998

Help workers be more productive What is I/O psychology? Help workers be more productive Design work patterns that enhance efficiency Provide skills training and development Help to meet the challenges of competition Move past downsizing Prepared by the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology - SIOP © 1998

I/O Psychology: Science and Practice As a SCIENCE, I/O psychology uses scientific methodology to research and advance knowledge about people at work And as a PRACTICE, I/O psychology is a profession concerned with the application of psychological knowledge to solve real-life problems in the world of work

Past Empirical Studies Science and Practice Scientist-Practitioner Model: Interaction of scientific knowledge and application A call center has a three week training program for new employees. The average employee quits after three months. Problem Science: Turnover Theories Past Empirical Studies Practitioner: Create Plan

I/O Psychology Organizational Psychology is part of a broader field of Industrial/Organizational Psychology.

I/O Psychology ENGINEERING PSYCHOLOGY/HUMAN FACTORS Person-machine systems Working conditions Equipment, tool, and machine design and function in recognition of operator limitations in strength, perception, reaction-time, etc.

I/O Psychology INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS Labor-union relations Employee/employer relations Cooperation & conflict resolution Arbitration, negotiation & bargaining

I/O Psychology VOCATIONAL & CAREER COUNSELING CONSUMER PSYCHOLOGY Career choice, change, and retirement CONSUMER PSYCHOLOGY Consumer choice and preference for products Purchasing behavior & decision making

Overview: Professional Life of the I/O Psychologist Activities and work settings of I/O psychologists Employment in I/O psychology (salary surveys) Training for I/O psychology Professional involvement of I/O psychologists Licensure

Where do I/O Psychologists Work? Dual orientation (science & practice) reflected in principal work settings of I/O psychologists

I/O Psychologists’ Salaries Median Salaries for 2000 MA/MS: $67,000 Ph.D.: $90,000

Common Job Titles for I/O Psychologists Professor of . . . Psychology, Management, Organizational Behavior, Industrial Relations Staff member, Manager, Dir, VP of . . . Personnel, HR, Organizational Planning, Personnel Development, OD, Management Development, Personnel Research, Employee Relations, Training, Affirmative Action Management Consultant

Professional Associations related to I/O Psychology American Psychological Association (APA: www.apa.org) Society for Industrial/Organizational Psychology (SIOP: www.siop.org) Academy of Management (AoM: www. aom.pace.edu) Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM: www.shrm.org) American Society for Training and Development (ASTD: www.astd.org)

Licensure for I/O Psychologists Licensure requirements vary by state SIOP’s policy – recognize the requirement and offer guidance SIOP’s Guidelines for the Education and Training of I/O Psychologists Organizational requirements for licensure