Simulation architecture for ROK-US Combined exercises 2016. 11 Korea Institute for Defense Analyses

ROK-US Combined/Joint exercises (1/2) Two combined/joint CAX Exercises Audience, Objective and Method UFG ROK-US combined military and ROK government - Military: warfighting commands of corps and the higher echelon Exercise for full spectrum of conflict in Korea - Crisis Management, Transition to War, Defense and Stability Operations CPX using constructive simulation + Virtual(Specific area) KR/FE ROK-US combined/joint staffs including above corps equivalent Exercise for CFC readiness - RSOI of US wartime reinforcement CPX using constructive simulation + FTX(Specific area) Reception, Staging, Onward Movement & Integration (RSOI) KR and UFG exercises the full spectrum of conflict, including Crisis Management, Transition to War, Defense, Dominate, and Stability Operations. KR focuses on maintaining CFC readiness while UFG is a ROK-led effort which trains toward separate and complementary command structures, increasing in scope and focus over the five-year model. Full spectrum of conflict, including Crisis Management, Transition to War, Defense, Dominate, and Stability Operations (CFC : ROK-US Combined Forces Command) (RSOI : Reception, Staging, Onward Movement & Integration) UFG : Ulchi Focus Guardians, KR/FE : Key Resolve/Foal Eagle * Ulchi : a famous general of ancient Korea

ROK-US Combined/Joint exercises (2/2) Modeling challenges for Korea theater Multiple echelons in the training audience ROK & US warfighting commands above corps equivalent Greatest modeling challenge: Land forces : lots of units, multiple echelons in the concentrated theater App. 55 friendly and 160 opposing div. & separate brigades Theater counterfire operations : requires high resolution Naval : five carrier strike groups plus numerous other air, surface, and sub-surface operations, NSW, MCM Additionally, multi-divisions for amphibious operations Air : 2,000+ friendly sorties per day Numerous opposing SOF missions and TBM launches High resolution collateral and compartmented intelligence portrayal Reception, Staging, Onward Movement & Integration (RSOI) KR and UFG exercises the full spectrum of conflict, including Crisis Management, Transition to War, Defense, Dominate, and Stability Operations. KR focuses on maintaining CFC readiness while UFG is a ROK-led effort which trains toward separate and complementary command structures, increasing in scope and focus over the five-year model. Full spectrum of conflict, including Crisis Management, Transition to War, Defense, Dominate, and Stability Operations Mine Counter Measure Naval Special Warfare

Simulation federation to support ex.(Cur. ) (1/5) Federation : Single integrated federation JTTI + K/JIS WARSIM Chang-Jo 21 Chon-Ja-Bong AWSIM Chang-Gong RESA Cheong-Hae TACSIM BICM VSTARS MUSE ACE IOS LOGFED Ground Air Naval Intel EW Logistics JNEM MDST CA TMO US Models ROK Models Marine JTTI : Joint Training Transformation Initiative JIS : JTC Infrastructure Software JTC : Joint Training Confederation

Simulation federation to support ex.(Cur. ) (2/5) Resolution of combat simulation models Naval Resolution Ground WARSIM Chang-Jo 21 Chon-Ja-Bong Korean, means the spirits of Korean marine Chang-Gong AWSIM Korean, means blue sky Cheong-Hae RESA Korean, means blue sea Korean, means creation Air

Simulation federation to support ex.(Cur. ) (3/5) Problem using multi-models for combat simulation (1/3) Too high resolution for theater level warfare simulation WARSIM, Chon-Ja-Bong have high resolution  not proper to CAX for corps and the higher echelon Simulation models architecture for combat area Resolution of Simulation models

Simulation federation to support ex.(Cur. ) (4/5) Problem using multi-models for combat simulation (2/3) Very expensive cost to support CAX Need $20 million /year to perform 2 combined exercises (Each exercise needs $10 million to support simulation) High Complex, High Cost Structure

Simulation federation to support ex.(Cur. ) (5/5) Problem using multi-models for combat simulation (3/3) Difficult to simulate joint combat warfare perfectly Applying different models for ground, marine, air and naval combat Difficult to do perfect interaction between models in the federation Simulation models architecture for combat area

Simulation federation to support ex. (Plan) (1/2) Simulation Developing of ROK Army Objective : To support exercise of important functional operations in modern warfare for ROK Army Required higher resolution than combat area Developed Developing Joint Combat Service Support training simulation Model Joint Counter Fire Simulation Joint Intelligence Simulation Joint Information Operations Simulation System for Training Joint Civil Military Operations Simulation ※ KSIMS : Korea Simulation federation System JCFS : Joint Counter Fire Simulation JIS : Joint Intelligence Simulation JCSSM : Joint Combat Service Support training simulation Model JIOSST : Joint Information Operations Simulation System for Training JCMOS : Joint Civil Military Operations Simulation ETSS-TMO: Exercise & Training Supporting System for Theater Missile Operations KSIMS : Korea Simulation System

Simulation federation to support ex. (Plan) (2/2) Federation Plan : Separated parallel federation Very complex structure Can we implement the planed architecture? Although it can be done, how are we fit for the cost? JCFS : Joint Counter Fire Simulation JIS : Joint Intelligence Simulation JCSSM : Joint Combat Service Support training simulation Model JIOSST : Joint Information Operations Simulation System for Training JCMOS : Joint Civil Military Operations Simulation ETSS-TMO: Exercise & Training Supporting System for Theater Missile Operations KSIMS : Korea Simulation System

Developed joint combat simulation (1/2) Korean, means the Great Ultimate Joint combat simulation model Taegeuk-JOS Development period : 2002 ~ 2012 Resolution : Joint constructive simulation (Similar with JTLS) Modeling feature Terrain : Vector layers on Grid base Joint Operations Simulation

Developed joint combat simulation (2/2) Joint combat simulation model Taegeuk-JOS Modeling feature (continuous) Modeling Unit Ground combat : Regiment or Battalion Air : Air mission ( 1 ~ 4 aircrafts) Naval : Ship including submarine Special : Mission team Maneuver Ground : Open or Road Sea/Air : Free-straight move on line segments Attrition Lanchester attrition : ground combat Pk : direct artillery or missile fire Modeling of road : line vector

Alt. option for combined/joint CAX (1/2) Simulation architecture Apply JTLS and Taegeuk-JOS for joint combat simulation JCFS : Joint Counter Fire Simulation JIS : Joint Intelligence Simulation JCSSM : Joint Combat Service Support training simulation Model JIOSST : Joint Information Operations Simulation System for Training JCMOS : Joint Civil Military Operations Simulation ETSS-TMO: Exercise & Training Supporting System for Theater Missile Operations KSIMS : Korea Simulation System

Alt. option for combined/joint CAX (2/2) Benefit of the architecture Fully Implement joint combat Efficiently support combined/joint exercises in the cost JCFS : Joint Counter Fire Simulation JIS : Joint Intelligence Simulation JCSSM : Joint Combat Service Support training simulation Model JIOSST : Joint Information Operations Simulation System for Training JCMOS : Joint Civil Military Operations Simulation ETSS-TMO: Exercise & Training Supporting System for Theater Missile Operations KSIMS : Korea Simulation System

Modeling req. for Korea theater (1/4) Modeling about Terrain & Ground Maneuver JTLS : Hex-based modeling for ground maneuver E.g. used 7.5Km hex size for regiment unit engagement Real Maneuver Route Modeling Route

Modeling req. for Korea theater (2/4) Modeling about Terrain & Ground Maneuver Feature of Korea peninsular theater Lots of units & multiple echelons in the concentrated theater XXX Real Maneuver Route Seoul Entire theater : Approximately 55 friendly and 160 opposing division or separate brigades Especially, the western front : 4 red corps and 3 blue corps in 45 x 70 Km2 battle field Each corps has 4 ~ 5 Division Combat Unit : regiment or battalion Need to modeling proper maneuver route

Modeling req. for Korea theater (3/4) Modeling about Terrain & Ground Maneuver Feature of Korea peninsular theater Lots of units & multiple echelons in the concentrated theater XXX JTLS Maneuver Route Seoul Entire theater : Approximately 55 friendly and 160 opposing division & separate brigades Especially, the western front : 4 red corps and 3 blue corps in 45 x 45 Km2 battle field Each corps has 4 ~ 5 Division Combat Unit : regiment or battalion Need to modeling proper maneuver route JTLS hex-based modeling is not proper to correspond the situation

Modeling req. for Korea theater (4/4) Suggestion for JTLS : 2-tier modeling about Terrain & Ground Maneuver “Hex-based modeling with vector layer” Hex-based modeling Basic terrain feature Engagement control Vector layer modeling on terrain hex Line vector Modeling road, river etc. Ground maneuver control Unit, Supply run etc. Point vector Modeling barrier Bridge, Crater, mine etc. On the line vector Barrier -mine field river Barrier – crater road Seoul Barrier – bridge

Thank You! Jeong, Sang-Yun Ph.D. Senior Research Fellow Center for Military Planning mathjung@naver.com syjung@kida.re.kr