Prokaryotic- NO vs Eukaryotic-DO eg. Bacteria. eg Prokaryotic- NO vs Eukaryotic-DO eg. Bacteria eg. all other kingdoms -eubacteria -archaebacteria -Protists -Fungus -Plant -Animal Courtesy of: http://4.bp.blogspot.com

PROTIST Euglena Courtesy of: www.cbu.edu

FUNGI Courtesy of www.biocourseware.com

PLANTS http://www.bchs.k12.va.us

ANIMALS Courtesy of: http://visual.merriam-webster.com

CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

Levels of Organization Individual Cells  Tissues  Organs  Organ Systems-> Organism Courtesy of: http://academic.kellogg.edu

Why Cells? cells are the basic units of life Robert Hooke (mid 1600s) observed cork under a microscope came up with the term “cells” was reminded of monastery rooms Courtesy of: http://www.smithlifescience.com

History of Cells Antony Van Leeuwenhoek (late 1600s) would grind up lenses and construct early microscopes first recorded observations of bacteria from the plaque of his teeth (animalcules) Courtesy of: http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu

Cell Theory -1838 -1839 Schleiden (plants) & Schwann (animals) 1) All living things are composed of cells. Lead to: 2) Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. -1855 Virchow 3) New cells are produced from existing cells.

Spontaneous Generation SG: belief that non-living objects can give rise to living organisms 1668: Redi’s meat/maggot experiment Proved SG was wrong Louis Pasteur Courtesy of: http://biology.clc.uc.edu

Cell Size Small! 1 to 100 micrometers 1 um = .001 mm Surface area/volume ratio limits size Exchanges nutrients and waste through diffusion https://ca7science.wikispaces.com

2 Types of Cells PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES “before the nucleus” nucleoid is not separated from cytoplasm by a membrane Eubacteria and archaea Smaller (< 5 um) “true nucleus” animals, plants, fungi, protists Larger (10 - 100 um) membrane bound Organelles

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes Bacteria/ Archaea Protists Fungi Plants Animals

Cell Membrane isolates the cell contents from the environment regulates movement of materials into and out of the cell allows communication with other cells Seen in all cell types Courtesy of: http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://

Nucleus control center for cells contains DNA and chromosomes membrane bound only in eukaryotes Courtesy of: http://upload.wikimedia.org

Mitochondria Produce energy by aerobic respiration Powerhouse of the cell Generates ATP Eukaryotic structure unique DNA Courtesy of: http://www.google.com/

Cell Wall Protects and supports the cell Absent in animal cells and some protists Courtesy of:http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://biology.unm.edu

Chloroplast Essential for photosynthesis Plants use sunlight energy to convert carbon dioxide and water to glucose & oxygen contains Chlorophyll (pigment that absorbs sunlight) All PLANTS and some protists unique DNA Courtesy of: http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu

Vacuoles PLANTS – central vacuole that contains water and waste also helps the cell support heavy structures ANIMALS – smaller vacuoles and vesicles for food storage, water,and waste Courtesy of: http://www.progressivegardens.com

Plants vs. Animals

Plants vs. Animals Plants - cell walls - large central vacuole - chloroplasts Animals - centrioles - smaller vacuoles - lysosomes - cilia - flagella

Cell Structures – Group Activity Nucleus Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Chromatin & Chromosomes Ribosomes Rough Endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER) Cilia flagella Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes Vacuole Mitochondria Chloroplasts Cytoskeleton Cell membrane Cell Wall Centrioles