Road Network Date: 02 February 2014 DM-5242: Disaster Resilience Sustainable Development of Housing and Infrastructure Course Teacher: Dr. Raquib Ahsan SL Name Roll 1 Alexius Chicham 405 2 George Mithu Gomes 406 3 Md. Zahidul Islam 411 4 Md. Mahmudur Rahman 422 5 Mahbubur Rahman Sohel 434 MS in Disaster Management Programme (MSDM) Department of Geography and Environment University of Dhaka Date: 02 February 2014

Presentation Outline Road network Road Network Classification with Definition Road Network (LGED) in Bangladesh Road Network (R & H) in Bangladesh Hazards that may effect Road Network Effects of Hazards on Road Network Existing damage road network Road damage statistics Vulnerability/weakness of that sector Mitigation in the context of resilience

Road Network Mobility network is crucial for ensuring territorial safety with respect to natural and technological hazards. They represent a basic support to community’s everyday life although being exposed elements often characterized by high vulnerability to different hazards and, in the meanwhile, strategic equipments for emergency management. Rural roads contribute significantly to generating increased agricultural incomes and productive employment opportunities, alongside promoting access to economic and social services.

Road Network Classification with Definition Sl. Type Definition Ownership and Responsibility 1. National Highway Highways connecting National capital with Divisional HQs or sea ports or land ports or Asian Highway RHD 2. Regional Highway Highways connecting District HQs or main river or land ports or with each other not connected by national Highways. 3. Zila Road Roads connecting District HQ/s with Upazila HQ/s or connecting one Upazila HQ to another Upazila HQ by a single mainconnection with National/Regional Highway, through shortest distance/ route. 4. Upazila Road (UZR) Roads connecting Upazila HQ/s with Growth Center/s or one Growth Center with another Growth Center by a single main connection or connecting Growth Center to Higher Road System,* through shortest distance/route. (Former Feeder Road Type-B) LGED/LGI** 5. Union Road (UNR) Roads connecting union HQ/s with Upazila HQs, Growth Centers or local markets or with each other. (Former Rural Road Class-1 (R1) LGED/LGI 6. Village Road (VR) Roads connecting Villages with Union HQs, local markets, farms and ghats or with each other. (Former Rural Road Class-2 (R2) b) Roads within a Village. (Former Rural Road Class-3 (R3)

Road Network (LGED) in Bangladesh Types of roads (LGED) Upazila Road Union Road Village Road-Type A Village Road-Type B Road Type Earthen(KM) Pavement(KM) Total Length(KM) Upazila Road : 9822.45 27950.47 37772.92 Union Road : 25580.49 19200.33 44780.82 Village Road A: 94359.07 6206.27 106906.89 Village Road B: 88652.18 18254.71 100565.34 Total Roads: 218414.19 71611.78 290025.97

Road Network (R & H) in Bangladesh

Hazards that may effect Road Network Earthquake Floods and flash flood Cyclone Tidal surge/storm surge Drought Tsunami River bank erosion Landslide Heavy rain and strong winds Salinity Water logging

Effects of Hazards on Road Network Infrastructure Impact Type of Event Surface Effect Infrastructure Impact Cyclone Strong, gusty winds Flooding (through rainfall) Flooding (through storms) Damages to bridges and roads (through flooding) Drought Dryness of earth Wind gusts Shrinkage damages road foundations Wind damage to road tops Flood Soil erosion Water-saturation Softening of road foundations Buried structures such as roads Tsunami Floods Inundation/Submerged Destruction or damages to roads Earthquake Displacement Cracks Liquefaction Collapse of critical elements of the network Dividing the road surface Tidal surge/storm surge Inundation River bank erosion/coastal erosion Land erosion Damage to bridge and roads

Road damage statistics Damage of Road Infrastructure due to Cyclone November 15, 2007, the SIDR Roads damaged (Fully) : 1714 km Roads damaged (Partially): 6,361 km 25 May 2009, AILA Roads damaged (Fully) : 367 km Roads damaged (Partially): 1065 km Damage of Road Infrastructure due to Flood Floods in 1988 Roads damaged (km): 13,000 Floods in 1998 Roads damaged (km):15927 Floods in 2004 Roads damaged (km): 27970

Existing Damage road network

Vulnerability/weakness of that sector Severe lack of quality road-building materials Poor quality road construction and maintenance Lack of funding for road maintenance Recurrent flooding, high intensity rainfall, extreme temperature, and a high incidence of tropical cyclones further challenge the construction and Maintenance of a reliable road system Improper design and construction technique (slope, height, water drainage) High costs involved in land acquisition Insufficient supervision during construction Inadequate compaction and no or insufficient laying of topsoil layers Road alignment Lack of coordination between various Government and Non-Gov’t . organizations (RAJUK, DWASA, DESA, BTRC, R&H, LGED)

Role of infrastructure in mitigating disasters Reduce hazards (flood, storm surge) Reducing disaster impact Better communication Shelter

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