BRUSHLESS DIRECT CURRENT MOTOR PRESENTED BY-ANUJ TRIPATHI BRANCH-ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS

A brushless DC (BLDC) motor is a synchronous electric motor powered by direct-current (DC) electricity and having an electronic commutation system, rather than a mechanical commutator and brushes

STATOR ROTOR HALL SENSOR BLDC MOTOR TRANSVERSE SECTION CONSTRUCTION DETAILS. STATOR ROTOR HALL SENSOR BLDC MOTOR TRANSVERSE SECTION

STAMPING WITH SLOTS STATOR WINDINGS

ROTOR The rotor is made of permanent magnet and can vary from two to eight pole pairs with alternate North (N) and South (S) poles.

HALL SENSOR It is important to know the rotor position in order to understand which winding will be energized following the energizing sequence. Rotor position is sensed using Hall Effect sensors embedded into the stator.

BLDC MOTOR TRANSVERSE SECTION Figure shows a transverse section of a BLDC motor with a rotor that has alternate N and S permanent magnets.

THEORY OF OPERATION Each commutation sequence has one of the windings energized to positive power (current enters into the winding), the second winding is negative (current exits the winding) and the third is in a non-energized condition. Torque is produced because of the interaction between the magnetic field generated by the stator coils and the permanent magnets.

TORQUE/SPEED Characteristics BLDC motor, the torque remains constant for a speed range up to the rated speed.

COMPARISON OF BLDC WITH OTHER MOTORS BLDC REQUIRE LESS MAINTENANCE BLDC PRODUCE MORE OUTPUT POWER BLDC GENERATE LESS ELECTRIC NOISE BLDC HAS LESS ROTOR INERTIA BLDC HAS PREDICTABLE SPEED REGULATION

CLOSE LOOP CONTROL The speed can be controlled in a closed loop by measuring the actual speed of the motor. The error in the set speed and actual speed is calculated.

BACK EMF When a BLDC motor rotates, each winding generates a voltage known as back Electromotive Force or back EMF, which opposes the main voltage supplied to the windings according to Lenz’s Law. The polarity of this back EMF is in opposite direction of the energized voltage.

CONSTANT LOAD VARYING LOAD POSITIONING APPLICATION APPLICATION OF BLDC CONSTANT LOAD VARYING LOAD POSITIONING APPLICATION

CONSTANT LOAD In these types of applications, the load is directly coupled to the motor shaft. For example, fans, pumps and blowers come under these types of applications. These applications demand low-cost controllers, mostly operating in open-loop.

VARYING LOAD These are the types of applications where the load on the motor varies over a speed range. These applications may demand a high-speed control accuracy and good dynamic responses. In home appliances, washers, dryers and compressors are good examples.

POSITIONING APPLICATION Computer Numeric Controlled (CNC) machines are a good example of this. Process controls, machinery controls and conveyer controls have plenty of applications in this category.

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