Farmers and Their Discontent: The Agrarian Protest

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Farmers and Their Discontent: The Agrarian Protest 1870-1896 Topic 9 The Populist Movement Farmers and Their Discontent: The Agrarian Protest 1870-1896

What were the Causes of the Farmer’s Discontent? 2 What were the Causes of the Farmer’s Discontent? Low agricultural prices Insufficient credit / expensive credit High rates charges by railroads, grain elevator operators…. High industrial prices Tariffs Federal monetary policy Middlemen in general Monopolies in general Efficient crop production v low prices

Three Examples of Farmer Collective / Political Action 3 Granger movement - Late 1860s Greenback –Labor Party- 1874-1884 People’s (Populist) Party - 1887

What were the Populist Objectives? 4 What were the Populist Objectives? Direct Election of U.S. Senators Secret Ballot Ballot Initiative Referendum Recall Direct Primary Monetary Reform ”Free Silver” "You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns; you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold."

Election of 1896 Bryan v. McKinley 5 Election of 1896 Bryan v. McKinley Sharp division in society between urban and rural interests William Jennings Bryan (Democrat) reform groups / rural interests / indebted farmers / against the gold standard William McKinley (Republican) victory = shift from America as an agrarian nation to urban interests

Selected Readings Populist Movement 6 Selected Readings Populist Movement Lawrence Goodwyn, The Populist Moment: A Short History of the Agrarian Revolt in America Robert C., McMath, Jr. American Populism: A Social History, 1877-1898.