Legislation

Health and safety act 1974 The health and saftey work act from 1974 is an “Act of Parliament and the the main piece of UK health and safety legislation. It places a duty on all employers "to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health,safety and welfare at work" of all their employees”. https://www.google.com/search?q=health+and+safty+at+work+act+1974&oq=health+and+safty+at+work+act+1974&aqs=chrome..69i57.10246j0j8&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 It is the legislation that helps keep all employees to work in a safe and protective environment in order to reduce the chance of an accident or death at the place of work. Such things that are taken into account when employees are going to work somewhere are: Doing regular risk assessments around the area Having the correct equipment in place Then telling or showing the employees he potential risks that could be around them If the company doesn’t follow these regulations this can allow an injured employees or deceased employee family members to claim for compensation from the company or organisation that co- ordinated the work. They (company, organisation, club) are responsible for their well being and massive sums of money can be taken from the company by the order of a court if they tackled with legal action over an injured employee or not following the strict regulations that are in place.

Health and safety act 1974 In sport In sport the rules are no different to normal everyday work such as office work, building, road works and many others. But in sport there is the chance of a greater injury to the people either playing or involved in the sport. It could be climbing, football, rugby and even tennis or badminton. The reason for the legislation to be created is to reduce the amount of injuries at work, which can save the company many thousands or millions of pounds a year that would be paid in compensation or medical payments to the injured person/s. The act helps introduce the employee to the work or sport so that they are less likely to make a dangerous mistake such as doing a knot incorrectly when climbing. Then manage and test them and their skills that they have learnt to make sure they are safe. Another way the act helps keep everyone safe is to provide a safe working environment.

COSHH COSHH stands for 'Control of Substances Hazardous to Health' and under the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002, employers need to either prevent or reduce their workers' exposure to substances that are hazardous to their health.- https://rospaworkplacesafety.com/2013/01/08/what-is-coshh-about- coshh/ Simply company's need to have steps in order to keep their employees and customers safe when at work as well as on the company's property that applies for customers. There are many dangerous chemicals and other hazards that could harm someone, a few examples are naked flame, dust (asbestos), sulfuric acid (battery acid), biohazard waste (sewage). Therefore if an employee was working with many toxic chemicals in a factory the employer would have to give training to keep them safe as well as providing safe equipment in order for them to work, such as a facemask for breathing and protecting eyes, then gloves and a full body suit will be needed too.

COSHH In sport There is an increase in the amount of potential hazards from chemicals or other substances in a work places including sport, this means potentially players, staff, or spectators could get hurt. Extra precautions must be put in place in order for anyone in the sports facilities (arena) to get hurt, like having the correct knowledge on how to do a specific job or have the correct clothing and storage for both the equipment as well as the chemical/substance. A prime example of a common hazard could be if there is an new employee working at a swimming pool are just wondering around with not a great deal of knowledge of some of the chemicals. Such as chlorine and the handling of chlorine has to be taken very seriously as it can cause a lot irritation to eyes skin or internal organs if not handled correctly. If the new employee has not been taught anything from their employee they could touch the chlorine without knowing what it is, in which case they could touch their skin eyes and have lifelong scaring from it. Then the employee or family members could sue the swimming pool thousands of ponds for not following that law and in any potential outcome have the person supposed to teach him spend time in jail. So the correct measures must be taken out in order for this to not happen, such as having signs, the correct storage facilities, for the employer to supply the right equipment (gloves, face mask, suit), then finally have the employee been taught all the correct methods on how to handle the substance (chemical).

RIDDOR 1995 RIDDOR is the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013. These Regulations require employers, the self-employed and those in control of premises to report specified workplace incidents.- www.hse.gov.uk/healthservices/riddor.htm This is requirement by the law, which means that a company, someone employed or other places of work must make a report on what accidents, injuries, diseases or death that may have happened whilst working. The reason is because the HSE (health and safety executive) are able to collect all the data submitted by different work places and they can then analyse all that data at which point, a summary of how and why these risks have come about these places of work. By keeping a record company's can see if incidents are continually occurring at which point a decision on how to tackle the issue is raised, also it is important to keep records for when risk assessments are carried out and this allows more preparation to go into the planning of an operation, such as having more safety equipment or how many people are needed. An example could be going into a mine, more risk assessment information could save lives by knowing if anyone has had serious breathing issues in past, so then the company can provide the correct breathing apparatus. Then if serious incidents have arisen such as a life altering injury or death, an investigating can come into effect and the company or place of work can be looked into, why it happened along with how to prevent the same incident or one similar from happening again.

RIDDOR in sport This legislation is very important when working in sport, as there are many dangers in different sports which would lead to some serious injuries or incidents if the correct procedures are not done. If there is a long history of a sport having many serious dangers included, the data which is collected from the places of work can be published but some restrictions because of the “data protection act” and this can show along with educate people on where things are going wrong and what they must be careful with when doing a certain sport. In football it is a low risk sport to do with injures, but the chance of them happening is still there, so if a player breaks their arm for instance, a record has to be made by Law. But a series of broken arms happens an investigation may happen to see what is happening in the football game and what can be done to minimize or even stop it from happening in the future. Another example but a high risk sport can be ice/rock climbing, because of its history of dangerous and life threatening instances, there is far more safety that goes into climbing, such as not attaching yourself to everyone that’s climbing up a mountain, because if one person falls everyone is going to fall resulting in many injuries. So RIDDOR has potentially saved many lives because of the information gathered from different incidents which contribute to the safety of everyone involved in the sport or activity.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE, 2002) “PPE is equipment that will protect the user against health or safety risks at work. It can include items such as safety helmets, gloves, eye protection, high visibility clothing, safety footwear and safety harnesses.”- www.hse.gov.uk/toolbox/ppe.htm This applies to all work in the UK, the main types of work it may apply are, construction, mining, handling of heavy machinery, divers and lastly sport. Having this law has saved many lives in these different types of work, an example could be in a mine or construction site, there are lots of potential dangers like rocks, pieces of metal or wooden beams falling from above onto them, this could mean serious brain damage but more likely death to whoever is inflicted by the object. But with “PPE”, your not even allowed on a work site unless you have goggles or helmet which helps prevent any workers who may forgot to put their equipment on. The legislation also lets employees/ers go into more dangerous places with the correct equipment because if this law, if it was too dangerous they may not be able to go because its endangering lives. So with the help of hard hats and timed explosives in mines, more people and decreased risk of injury is present because people are wearing safer clothing and equipment.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE, 2002) in sport There have been many instances of children dying or being seriously injured on days out with a sports course or school, but if they had the correct gear they may still be alive and because of that every time a school or sports course go out they have to take lots of different equipment depending on the course. For climbing hard helmets must be taken along with a harness and rope that must be replaced over a set amount of years because the material stretches and becomes weak. If a climber doesn’t wear such gear they increase the risk of have a serious injury that can either kill them or have a lifelong effect on them, if they fall from the wall, and that’s just with a helmet. If they fall without a harness and rope they are bound to be killed. Also if the gear isn’t either given or up to a safe standard to the employees as well as customers (people going out on a trip) and have an accident because it, they could sue a huge amount of money because safety is top priority when going out on a climbing wall. But it doesn’t just have to be on a climbing wall it be doing other outdoor sports such as kayaking, gill scrambling or just other sports like football (shin pads) and rugby which a lot of the time require you to wear a gum shield. It's a lot more common for younger people to be given or requested to where such things because they are more vulnerable to doing sports, compared to an adult who has fully formed bones and muscles. So when outdoor sports and sports in general are going to take place, its very important to make sure everyone has the correct PPE.