HW #4, Due Sep. 21 Ch. 2: P28, PH8, PH16 Ch. 3: P3, P5

Lecture 9 (chapter 3 continued) Quick Review: Reflection from Curved Mirrors (Convex Mirrors) The ray rules This Lecture: Ray rules for concave mirrors Finding the image Lenses

Chapter 3 Mirrors and Lenses Read 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 (A, B, C* , D), 3.4, 3.5** * Anamorphic Art ** Aberrations

Flat mirror revisited virtual image Read Text about the Kaleidoscope

(simply apply the law of reflection) Spherical Mirrors Where is the image? What is the field of view? Ray Tracing (simply apply the law of reflection)

Reflection in Curved Mirrors Convex and Concave Mirrors

axis O C F center focal point Paraxial Rays: Rays that are close to the axis

Ray Rules for a Convex Mirror Ray Rule 1: All rays incident parallel to the axis are reflected so that they appear to be coming form the the focal point, F. Ray Rule 2: All rays that (when extended) pass through center C are reflected back to themselves. Ray Rule 3: All rays that (when extended) pass through F are reflected back parallel to the axis.

C F O 1 C F O 3 C F O 2

Locating the Image Mirrors *Concave Mirrors http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/mirrors/sphereMirror.html *Concave Lens: virtual image *Convex Mirrors http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/mirrors/mirrorAberr.html spherical aberration

“Hand with Reflecting Globe” M. C. Escher, “Hand with Reflecting Globe” Fig 3.9

Concave Mirror axis O C F center focal point

Ray Rules for a Concave Mirror Ray Rule 1: All rays incident parallel to the axis are reflected so that they appear to be coming form the the focal point, F. Ray Rule 2: All rays that (when extended) pass through center C are reflected back to themselves. Ray Rule 3: All rays that (when extended) pass through F are reflected back parallel to the axis.

*Concave Mirrors http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/mirrors/sphereMirror.html

Spherical Lenses

Refraction at Curved Surfaces axis O C center n2 n1 Simply apply the laws of refraction

I R axis O C center n2 n1

Thin Spherical Lenses Converging Lens: focal length (f) is positive

Thin Spherical Lenses Converging Lens: focal length (f) is negative

Ray Rules for Converging (and Diverging) Lenses Ray Rule 1: All rays incident parallel to the axis are deflected through F’ (or as if it came from F’) Ray Rule 2: All rays passing through the center of the lens Continue undeviated. Ray Rule 3: All rays that (when extended, if necessary) pass through F are deflected parallel to the axis.

Example: Ray Rules for a converging lens | F’ F | f f= focal length F’ F |

*Magnification (Magnifying Glass) http://microscopy.fsu.edu/primer/java/microscopy/simplemagnification/index.html * Lens Action (Many Applets) http://microscopy.fsu.edu/primer/lightandcolor/javalens.html http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/lenses/principleRays.html principle rays *Thick Lens (Spherical Aberration) http://www.cbu.edu/%7Ejvarrian/applets/lens3/thickl_z.htm

Fresnel Lenses

Lens Aberrations Chromatic *Thick Lens (Spherical Aberration) http://www.cbu.edu/%7Ejvarrian/applets/lens3/thickl_z.htm http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/mirrors/mirrorAberr.html spherical aberration

Spherical Aberration

*Thick Lens (Spherical Aberration) http://www.cbu.edu/%7Ejvarrian/applets/lens3/thickl_z.htm http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/mirrors/mirrorAberr.html spherical aberrationv

Curvature, Coma

Astigmatism

Distortion

*Thick Lens (Spherical Aberration) http://www.cbu.edu/%7Ejvarrian/applets/lens3/thickl_z.htm http://www.techxhome.com/lightsite/optics/mirrors/mirrorAberr.html spherical aberration