Chapter 12 Weathering The breakup of rock due to exposure to processes on the Earth’s surface
Mechanical Weathering There are 4 types of physical weathering….. Breaking a rock into smaller pieces WITHOUT changing it’s composition DISINTEGRATION or “physical” weathering
Frost Wedging Water in the cracks of rock freezes, expands and pushes the rock apart, breaking it Remember, water EXPANDS as it freezes
Abrasion TO SCRATCH Water, wind or glaciers can move sand, gravel and other rocks causing them to scrape against one another, wearing each other away
Plant and animal action Tree roots can grow into rocks, breaking them apart Animals can dig into the soil, breaking rocks and allowing water to weather it
Exfoliation Rocks that get pushed upward become exposed to the air, breaking or peeling off
Chemical Weathering There are 3 types of chemical weathering….. A rock’s minerals are changed into different substances; hence the composition changes DECOMPOSITION
Reaction with water Water can dissolve minerals Water can combine with gases to make acids, eating away at rock Carbonic Acid Hydrolysis
Acid Rain Water combines with air pollutants like Nitrogen and Sulfur to create acids
Oxidation Chemical reaction of oxygen with other substances, thus causing rust
Rates of Weathering….. Mechanical Weathering…. Chemical weathering…. Prefers a cold, dry climate Prefers a warm, moist climate
Mineral composition… Some minerals are more resistant to weathering, like quartz Sandstone weathers easily while marble does not