HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Migration Vocabulary Zonnefeld/Rist Monday, October 23, 2017 KEY VOCABULARY

migration/migrate/migrant to move to another place to live; a “permanent” move a “migrant” is someone who moves to a place to live, while “migration” is the process/act of moving

Picture of Cuban Emigrants journeying to the U.S.

Immigrant vs. Emmigrant Emigrant = a person exiting their home country Immigrant = a person coming into a different country

Example of Emigration vs. Immigration

voluntary migration moving somewhere to live by choice

forced migration moving somewhere to live because you have to (mostly for personal safety)

international migration moving from one country to another to live e.g.Mexico to USA

interregional migration moving from one region of a country to another region Snowbirds: people who migrate from cold climates to warmer climates during the winter

intraregional migration moving from one place to another place within the same region of a country rural to urban, urban to suburban, urban to rural

Net Migration The difference between immigrants coming into a country and emigrants leaving a country; net migration can be either positive or negative.

“Push me, pull me.” There are there are several reasons people leave and move into certain places. The reasons people have for migrating are called push and pull factors.

pull factor (4 types” political, envioronmental, economic, social) a reason to move into a particular place pull factors “pull” people in examples: nice weather, peaceful society/political system, abundance of jobs, safe neighborhoods, good schools, etc.

Pull Factors – What pulled you in?

push factor(4 types” political, envioronmental, economic, social) a reason to move out of a particular place push factors “push” people out examples: natural disasters, few jobs, violence, poor education system, etc.

Push factors – What pushed you out?

refugee someone who is forced to migrate to a new place in order to avoid some type of violent/unsafe situation

Asylum Seeker Someone entering a country in hopes of being recognized as a refugee Iraqi interpreter (Farsi & Arabic) for the U.S. Army Why would she be an asylum seeker?

internally displaced person (IDP) someone who has migrated to a new place for reasons similar to those of a refugee, but has not crossed an international border

Flood waters in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina Flood waters in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina. People who left New Orleans became IDPs

Intervening Obstacle something environmental or political that makes migration difficult “intervene” = to come between “obstacle” = a difficulty

Intervening Obstacle Environmental or Political? Crossing mountains, oceans, rivers, etc. needing a visa to come into a country needing a passport to leave a country

Environmental Intervening Obstacles

Political Intervening Obstacle A visa a document that allows a person to stay or work in a country for an extended period of time.

passport official document that identifies someone as a citizen of a particular country. a passport is usually needed to enter or leave a country

Passport card Passport card: a credit-card sized U.S. “passport” that is legal proof of U.S. citizenship and identity. However, a passport card can only be used to re-enter the U.S. at land & sea border crossings & ports-of-entry from Canada & Mexico only.

Passport book vs. Passport card The passport book is larger than the passport card.

visa an official mark or stamp on a passport that allows a person to enter or leave a country, for a specific reason & a specific period of time

A passport is needed to get a visa passport vs. visa A passport is your official ID that the government issues; it proves you’re a citizen of that country A visa allows you to stay in a foreign country temporaryly A passport is needed to get a visa

quota Official limit on the number of something that is allowed e.g., the U.S. gives preference to immigrants reunifying with their families, skilled workers, refugees, & asylum seekers

reunification bringing people back together after they are separated 75% of immigrants are admitted into the U.S. to reunify with their families

“brain drain” When many highly-educated and skilled workers leave a country to for other countries to get higher-paying jobs, better opportunities, etc.

chain migration People moving to a certain place because thei because their families have gone there before them

unauthorized immigrants Immigration is a very controversial topic, and there are different terms people used to describe unauthorized immigrants based on attitudes about the issue.

unauthorized immigrants undocumented immigrant unauthorized immigrant illegal alien all are terms used for unauthorized immigrants

authorized immigrants resident alien = an immigrant who was born outside the U.S. but lives in the U.S.