Agenda- April 13th 1. 10-15 minutes for students to finish their test. /Begin reading chapter 11 2. Chapter 11 Lesson

Chapter 11: Physical Development of the Toddler

Height and Weight Toddlers grow at different rates. This is due to environment and heredity. What does heredity affect? Heredity affects a baby’s height. It affects how fast the baby grows taller, too. Because genes determine height, they also influence weight. However the environment (diet, exercise, health, and even emotions) affects a person’s weight more than genes.

Bones and Teeth As toddlers grow, their bones continue to become harder. The degree of ossification is not the same throughout the body, however due to the cartilage, the toddler’s bones are more flexible and less likely to break than an adult’s. However, the softer bones are more prone to disease or deformation. Shortly after 2 years, a child has the full set of deciduous teeth. (often called baby teeth). Deciduous teeth are also referred to as baby teeth

The toddler’s spine becomes S-shaped rather than C-shaped like the adult’s, allowing the posture to become straighter and more upright.

Years One and Two Body growth begins to slow after the first year. Babies grow about half as much in height during the second year as compared with the first year. Most babies triple their birth weight during the first year, then gain only one- fourth of that amount during the second Most girls reach 53 percent of their adult weight by age two. Boys usually reach 50 percent of their adult weight by age two.

After Year Two After 24 months, children grow at a slower but steadier rate. They tend to gain two to three inches and about six pounds per year throughout childhood. This rate of growth continues until about 11 years for girls and 13 years for boys.

The Brain By the end of the second year, the brain is four-fifths of its adult weight. The brain is now closer to maturity than any other organs. The other body organs continue to mature, but they do so at a slower rate than the brain. http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=brain+of+a+toddler&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=0DAEE8AB81D89F1F13450DAEE8AB81D89F1F1345

Motor Development Toddlers improve the motor skills they developed as infants. However, they also learn many new skills. Motor skills develop as the child grows and develops Most toddlers begin to walk without support within two or three months before or after the first birthday. http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=motor+development+toddlers&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=803962A5ED6134749CE5803962A5ED6134749CE5

Gross and Fine Motor Development

Motor Skills Walking- at two years their walk looks like a run. Toddlers take 170 steps per minute. Half the length of a adults stride. Running-is a skill most toddlers test out around 17 months. Jumping-before jumping the toddler will test out what their itty-bitty body can do. Jumping takes strength and coordination. You may find your baby shifting weight from one foot to another. Climbing-starts as soon as the baby can pull up to stand. Throwing and Catching-From 18 months old your toddler will start to get the hang of using all of their arm to throw a ball. Your toddler will start learning by rolling a ball towards you which will make them learn underhand. Finally they will learn overhand.

Fine Motor Skills Toddlers will: -point to things they want -hold up own cup(with some spillage) -feed themselves -remove their own clothes -turn knobs -turn pages in a book -scribble with crayons and such

To Do: Using pictures of yourself (or pictures from magazines) create a poster on the physical traits of the toddler. Sort them based on maturation (crawling before walking for example). Label the fine or gross motor skill being practiced or demonstrated. Complete the Reviewing Key Concepts questions on page 302 1-10 List 10 toys or pieces of equipment that a caregiver should provide a toddler to help them practice their fine and gross motor skills. Find images of playgrounds and select one that is appropriate for a toddler and provide five reasons why.