Prof. of Medical Physics Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation-Induced Adaptive Response: Findings From Earth to Space SMJ Mortazavi Prof. of Medical Physics Shiraz University of Medical Sciences mmortazavi@sums.ac.ir

Implications of RF-Induced Adaptive Response in Space Research Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D Implications of RF-Induced Adaptive Response in Space Research

Adaptive Response in Space Research Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D Adaptive Response in Space Research In a report entitled “Adaptive response studies may help choose astronauts for long-term space travel”, which published in "Advances in Space Research" (Mortazavi et al. , 2003), it was previously hypothesized that screening of the candidates of deep space missions by Ground-based in vitro adaptive response tests before any mission can be used to identify the individuals who respond well to low levels of ionizing radiation and reveal high magnitudes of radioadaptive response (Mortazavi et al. , 2005).

Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D 2003 25 citations according to Scopus

Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D 2003

Two years after Mortazavi et al 2003 report, NASA agrees that adaptive response is a puzzling issue in space radiobiology Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D 2005-Cancer specialist Dr. John Dicello “Cells often react in unexpected ways to radiation, notes Dicello. For example, there's a puzzling phenomenon known as adaptive response. Sometimes, when tissue is exposed to damaging radiation, it not only repairs itself, but also learns to repair itself better next time. How that works is still being investigated” “The damage could be less than the two kinds added together -- or it could be more! There could, perhaps, be an adaptive response in which lightweight solar protons stimulate repair processes to help reduce the effects of the heavy cosmic ray ions. Or something totally unexpected could happen”. Mysterious Cancer http://science.nasa.gov/

Four years after Mortazavi et al 2003 report, in 2007: Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D Four years after Mortazavi et al 2003 report, in 2007: George et al. 2007: “This study of adaptive response is very interesting and it is important that the phenomenon be investigated further.

Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D Durante and Manti 2008: “Another possibility is that an adaptive response to the space environment takes place after the first exposure, which may confer the exposed individual an increased radioresistance. Such a response would be similar to that hypothesized to explain the apparent lack of adverse health effects in VHBRA and HBRA residents. As pointed out by Mortazavi et al. (2003), radiobiological studies on these areas may lead to the identification of the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which susceptibility to genetic damage and cancer is decreased by chronic radiation exposure, hence helping the astronaut selection process.”

Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D

Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D Mortazavi et al., Advances in Space Research, Vol 31, No. 6, 1543-1552, 2003

RF-Induced Adaptive Response in Space Research Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D RF-Induced Adaptive Response in Space Research Different methods that can be used for reducing the risk of radiation during deep space missions

Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D

Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D

Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D

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Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D Feinendegen, L.E., Bond, V.P., Sondhaus, C.A., Muehlensiepen, H. Radiation effects induced by low doses in complex tissue and their relation to cellular adaptive responses. Mutat Res 358, 199-205, 1996. Goldberg, Z., Lehnert, B.E. Radiation-induced effects in unirradiated cells: a review and implications in cancer. Int J Oncol 21, 337-49, 2002. Gridley, D.S., Slater, J.M., Luo-Owen, X., et al. Spaceflight effects on T lymphocyte distribution, function and gene expression. J Appl Physiol 106, 194-202, 2009. Hattori, S. Current status and perspectives of research on radiation hormesis in Japan. Chin Med J (Engl) 107, 420-4, 1994. Jiang, B., Nie, J., Zhou, Z., Zhang, J., Tong, J., Cao, Y. Adaptive response in mice exposed to 900 MHz radiofrequency fields: primary DNA damage. PLoS One 7, e32040, 2012. Jiang, B., Zong, C., Zhao, H., Ji, Y., Tong, J., Cao, Y. Induction of adaptive response in mice exposed to 900MHz radiofrequency fields: Application of micronucleus assay. Mutat Res 751, 127-9, 2013. Jin, Z., Zong, C., Jiang, B., Zhou, Z., Tong, J., Cao, Y. The effect of combined exposure of 900 MHz radiofrequency fields and doxorubicin in HL-60 cells. PLoS One 7, e46102, 2012. Liu, S.Z., Jin, S.Z., Liu, X.D. Radiation-induced bystander effect in immune response. Biomed Environ Sci 17, 40-6, 2004. Liu, S.Z., Liu, W.H., Sun, J.B. Radiation hormesis: its expression in the immune system. Health Phys 52, 579-83, 1987. Makinodan, T., James, S.J. T cell potentiation by low dose ionizing radiation: possible mechanisms. Health Phys 59, 29-34, 1990.

Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D Marnett, L.J., Riggins, J.N., West, J.D. Endogenous generation of reactive oxidants and electrophiles and their reactions with DNA and protein. J Clin Invest 111, 583-93, 2003. Maynard, S., Schurman, S.H., Harboe, C., de Souza-Pinto, N.C., Bohr, V.A. Base excision repair of oxidative DNA damage and association with cancer and aging. Carcinogenesis 30, 2-10, 2009. Mitchel, R.E. The dose window for radiation-induced protective adaptive responses. Dose Response 8, 192-208, 2010. Mortazavi, S., Cameron, J., Niroomand-Rad, A. The life saving role of radioadaptive responses in long-term interplanetary space journeys. Elsevier, pp. 266-7, 2005. Mortazavi, S., Mosleh-Shirazi, M., Tavassoli, A., et al. A comparative study on the increased radioresistance to lethal doses of gamma rays after exposure to microwave radiation and oral intake of flaxseed oil. Iranian Journal of Radiation Research 9, 9-14, 2011a. Mortazavi, S.M., Cameron, J.R., Niroomand-rad, A. Adaptive response studies may help choose astronauts for long-term space travel. Adv Space Res 31, 1543-51, 2003. Mortazavi, S.M.J. Window Theory in Non-Ionizing Radiation-Induced Adaptive Responses. , . . Dose Response in press, 2013. Mortazavi, S.M.J., Mosleh-Shirazi, M.A., Tavassoli, A.R., et al. A comparative study on the increased radioresistance to lethal doses of gamma rays after exposure to microwave radiation and oral intake of flaxseed oil. Iranian Journal of Radiation Research 9, 9-14, 2011b. Mortazavi, S.M.J., Mosleh-Shirazi, M.A., Tavassoli, A.R., et al. Increased Radioresistance to Lethal Doses of Gamma Rays in Mice and Rats after Exposure to Microwave Radiation Emitted by a GSM Mobile Phone Simulator. Dose Response in press, 2012a.

Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D Mortazavi, S.M.J., Motamedifar, M., Namdari, G., Taheri, M. Pre-exposure to Radiofrequency Radiations Emitted from a GSM Mobile Phone Increases Resistance to a Bacterial Infection in BALB/c Mice. Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering in press, 2012b. Mortazavi, S.M.J., Motamedifar, M., Namdari, G., Taheri, M., Mortazavi, A.R. Counterbalancing immunosuppression-induced infections during long-term stay of humans in space. Journal of Medical Hypotheses and Ideas 7, 8–10, 2013. Mortazavi SMJ. Space radiobiology and the new era of induced radioresistance: Should traditional concepts be moved to science history museums? Technology and Health Care. 2013 in press. Murray, D., Allalunis-Turner, M., Weinfeld, M. VIIIth International Workshop on Radiation Damage to DNA. Int J Radiat Biol 81, 327-37, 2005. Olivieri, G., Bodycote, J., Wolff, S. Adaptive response of human lymphocytes to low concentrations of radioactive thymidine. Science 223, 594-7, 1984. Ozgur, E., Guler, G., Seyhan, N. Mobile phone radiation-induced free radical damage in the liver is inhibited by the antioxidants N-acetyl cysteine and epigallocatechin-gallate. Int J Radiat Biol 86, 935-45, 2010. Plews, M., Simon, S.L., Boreham, D.R., et al. A radiation-induced adaptive response prolongs the survival of prion-infected mice. Free Radic Biol Med 49, 1417-21, 2010. Samson, L., Cairns, J. A new pathway for DNA repair in Escherichia coli. 1977. Sannino, A., Sarti, M., Reddy, S.B., Prihoda, T.J., Scarfì, M.R. Induction of adaptive response in human blood lymphocytes exposed to radiofrequency radiation. Radiation research 171, 735-42, 2009a. Sannino, A., Sarti, M., Reddy, S.B., Prihoda, T.J., Vijayalaxmi, Scarfi, M.R. Induction of adaptive response in human blood lymphocytes exposed to radiofrequency radiation. Radiat Res 171, 735-42, 2009b.

Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D Sannino, A., Zeni, O., Sarti, M., et al. Induction of adaptive response in human blood lymphocytes exposed to 900 MHz radiofrequency fields: Influence of cell cycle. Int J Radiat Biol, 2011. Scott, B.R., Walker, D.M., Tesfaigzi, Y., Schollnberger, H., Walker, V. Mechanistic basis for nonlinear dose-response relationships for low-dose radiation-induced stochastic effects. Nonlinearity Biol Toxicol Med 1, 93-122, 2003. Stowe, R.P., Sams, C.F., Pierson, D.L. Adrenocortical and immune responses following short- and long-duration spaceflight. Aviat Space Environ Med 82, 627-34, 2011. Tapio, S., Jacob, V. Radioadaptive response revisited. Radiat Environ Biophys 46, 1-12, 2007. UNSCEAR. SOURCES AND EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION, UNSCEAR 1994 Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, 1994 Yan, G., Hua, Z., Du, G., Chen, J. Adaptive response of Bacillus sp. F26 to hydrogen peroxide and menadione. Curr Microbiol 52, 238-42, 2006. Zdrojewicz, Z., Strzelczyk, J.J. Radon treatment controversy. Dose Response 4, 106-18, 2006. Zeni, O., Sannino, A., Romeo, S., et al. Induction of an adaptive response in human blood lymphocytes exposed to radiofrequency fields: Influence of the universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) signal and the specific absorption rate. Mutat Res, 2012. Zhou, Y., Ni, H., Li, M., et al. Effect of solar particle event radiation and hindlimb suspension on gastrointestinal tract bacterial translocation and immune activation. PLoS One 7, e44329, 2012.

Thank you Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D