HAPPY MONDAY BIO-NINJAS Bellwork: 1 HAPPY MONDAY BIO-NINJAS Bellwork: 1. Collect your Journal from the Orange Bin 2. Collect your Graded Quiz 3. Quickwrite: Summarize what you have learned about carbohydrate, lipids, and proteins in 41 words. In your summary, you must use these words Monomer 9 calories/gram Polymer 1:2:1 Carbohydrate Amino Acid Lipid Fatty Acid Protein Monosaccharide 4 calories/gram

TEST FRIDAY! Open House Tonight 6pm- 7:30pm Notecard check Wednesday (picture w/color) TEST FRIDAY!

Quiz Makeup… You have until Friday to make up the Quiz if you are unhappy with your grade. Quiz can only be made up before or after school for up to a 70 -Quiz must be corrected with teacher -We’ll look at what went wrong -You’ll take a different version of the quiz that the one that was handed out. Make time, plan accordingly, come in prepared.

Page:___ Title: Enzymes Essential Question: What is the function of an enzyme?

Enzymes Notes: Before we can go any further we must first answer this question… What is a Catalyst? Some chemical reactions that make life possible are too slow to make them practical for living tissue. Catalyst: is a substance that increases the rate of chemical reactions by providing a low energy "shortcut" from reactants to products. *without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.

Common Catalyst Examples… Not much of a morning person… The catalytic converter in a car contains platinum, which serves as a catalyst to change carbon monoxide, which is toxic, into carbon dioxide

Jennifer and Jason met in Mrs. Harrison’s 1st grade class Jennifer and Jason met in Mrs. Harrison’s 1st grade class. They were friends all through grade school, high school, and college. Their friends and family members all thought that they should date, but they never did, and the people around them began to get impatient. Finally their friends Sarah and Matt took the matter into their own hands. Sarah asked Jennifer to go a concert with her, and Matt asked Jason to go to the same concert with him. At the last minute Sarah and Matt cancelled, leaving Jennifer and Jason to attend the concert together. They began dating and later got married. Sarah and Matt were the catalysts in bringing about Jennifer and Jason’s relationship.

Three people have assembled to prepare envelopes for a mailing Three people have assembled to prepare envelopes for a mailing. One person is folding the letters; another person is stuffing the letters into the envelopes; and the third person is sealing and stamping the envelopes. Before long, the third person has a stack of a letters piled up in front of him; he can’t keep up with the other two because he is doing two jobs rather than one. A fourth person joins the group late and helps with the stamping and sealing backlog, and then takes over the stamping. This allows the third person to catch up, and serves as a catalyst for the group to get the job done faster. What catalyst examples can you think of?

Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts. 1 Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts. 1. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions that take place in the cells of living things. 2. Are very specific, only catalyze one type of chemical reaction. 3. Enzymes usually end “–ase” and are named after what they do. Ex. Alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzes the reaction that removes water from alcohol.

More examples. Can you guess? lactase breaks down lactose (milk sugars) diastase digests vegetable starch sucrase digests complex sugars and starches protease breaks down proteins found in meats, nuts, eggs, and cheese peptidase breaks down small peptide proteins to amino acids lipase breaks down fats found in most dairy products, nuts, oils, and meat cellulase breaks down cellulose, plant fiber; not found in humans

II. How do enzymes work? Enzymes provide a site where reactions occur Substrate: The substance the enzyme acts upon. Active site: location where a substrate binds to the enzyme. The fit between the enzyme and its substrate are so precise that it is often compared to a lock and key. Enzyme-substrate complex: The enzyme and substrate are bound together. Enzymes are reuseable Once the reaction is over, the products of the reaction are released and the enzyme is free to start the process again. *without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.

Lock-and-key Diagram Draw and label this diagram Enzyme Reactant Product Enzyme animation

Enzyme animation Enzymes regulate chemical reactions, making or breaking down materials that cells need, releasing energy, and transferring information.

Enzymes lower the activation energy required to start a chemical reaction.

I. Like all biological molecules, enzymes work best under certain internal conditions. J. This is another reason why maintaining homeostasis is important for living things. Denaturation: Loss of catalytic activity. Occurs when enzymes/proteins are subjected to elevated temperature or extreme pH

Draw, color, and label this diagram Enzyme animation

The Enzyme Lingo Enzyme: a protein that speeds up chemical reactions Catalyst: substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction Substrate: the substances that reacts with the enzyme Active Site: place where the substrate bonds to the enzyme Enzyme-Substrate Complex: resulting substance formed when the enzyme and substrate are bonded together (the “reactant” in the reaction…remember reactants and products?)

Enzyme/Substrate Activity: Left side Design your own connecting analogy to demonstrate an enzyme and substrate. Color them and label the following: enzyme substrate enzyme-substrate complex Then fill in the following analogy: Enzymes and substrates fit together like _______ and _______.

Use this time to summarize your enzyme notes in 30 words Use this time to summarize your enzyme notes in 30 words. In your summary, you must use the words: enzyme substrate active site enzyme-substrate complex *Highlight these words in your summary.