CHAPTER 2 The Young Republic

Section 1 The New Republic

The Early Years of the Republic THE SUMMER OF 1789 - Congress and President Washington create the DEPARTMENT OF STATE, the DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY, and the DEPARTMENT OF WAR. They also created the OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL Congress also created the JUDICIAL BRANCH and established the SUPREME COURT

The Bill of Rights It was the FEDERALISTS who had promised to add amendments to the Constitution that would detail RIGHTS OF AMERICAN CITIZENS SEPTEMBER 1789 – Congress agrees on 12 AMENDMENTS, the first 10 are ratified and referred to as THE BILL OF RIGHTS The first 8 amendments PROTECT THE RIGHTS of individuals

Tackling Financial Troubles The new federal government inherited HUGE DEBT from the CONTINENTAL CONGRESS ALEXANDER HAMILTON proposed the creation of a NATIONAL BANK to manage the country’s finances AUGUST 1794 – President Washington sends soldiers to stop the WHISKEY REBELLION

The Rise of Political Parties TENSIONS INTENSIFIED over Hamilton’s FINANCIAL PROGRAM FEDERALISTS – Congress faction that SUPPORTED HAMILTON and believed country should be led by the RICH AND WELL-BORN DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS – Congress faction that SUPPORTED JEFFERSON and MADISON and favored the MIDDLE AND LOWER CLASSES to lead the country

Tough Times for Adams JOHN ADAMS succeeds George Washington as the SECOND PRESIDENT of the U.S. FRANCE AND U.S. WAR over U.S. & GREAT BRITAIN ALLIANCE – Ended in 1800 Federalists pass the ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS in 1798

The Election of 1800 ELECTION OF 1800 was a TURNING POINT in U.S. History THOMAS JEFFERSON elected as THIRD U.S. PRESIDENT Federalists demonstrate PEACEFUL TRANSFERENCE OF POWER to Republicans 12th AMENDMENT – One ballot for President, One ballot for Vice President

Republicans in Power: Jefferson in Office While in office, Jefferson: REDUCED FEDERAL DEBT CUT GOVERNMENT SPENDING ELIMINATED WHISKEY TAX TRIMMED ARMED FORCES CHIEF JUSTICE JOHN MARSHALL served 30 years and built Supreme Court into a POWERFUL, INDEPENDENT BRANCH OF GOVERNMENT

Westward Expansion TREATY OF GREENVILLE (1795) – the U.S. gained the NORTHWEST TERRITORY KENTUCKY, TENNESSEE, & OHIO (1803) – states added by PRESIDENT WASHINGTON LOUISIANA TERRITORY purchased from NAPOLEON (1803) for $15 million

The War of 1812 JAMES MADISON becomes 4th U.S. PRESIDENT in 1809 BRITISH SHIPS harass U.S. SHIPS at sea U.S. War of 1812 with GREAT BRITAIN WHITE HOUSE BURNED U.S. GREAT LAKES VICTORIES THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER – BALTIMORE TREATY OF GHENT (1814) – Prewar boundaries reestablished, INCREASED U.S. PRESTIGE overseas