Cardiovascular System Chapter 7

Overview: what we will cover Combining forms of terms Anatomy & physiology of the heart Anatomy & physiology of the vascular system Coronary Artery Disease Blood Pressure Blood Pressure Medications Electrical Conduction of the heart Types of Aneurysms Additional terms to know

Combining Forms for the Cardiovascular System angi/o vessel angiogram vas/o vasospasm vascul/o vascular aort/o aorta aortic

Combining Forms for the Cardiovascular System arteri/o artery arteriosclerosis ather/o fatty (lipid) atheroma paste atri/o atrium atrioventricular ventricul/o ventricle ventricular (belly or pouch)

Combining Forms for the Cardiovascular System cardi/o heart cardiology coron/o circle/crown coronary my/o muscle myocardial

Combining Forms for the Cardiovascular System pector/o chest pectoral steth/o stethoscope sphygm/o pulse sphygmomanometer thromb/o clot thrombocyte

Combining Forms for the Cardiovascular System ven/o vein venous phleb/o phlebitis varic/o swollen/ varicosis twisted vein

Cardiovascular System Overview Consists of the heart and blood vessels The heart pumps blood throughout the body Blood vessels transport blood throughout the body

Structure of the Heart Four Chambers Right atrium (upper chamber) Left atrium (upper chamber) Right ventricle (lower chamber) Left ventricle (lower chamber)

Structure of the Heart (continued) Valves — Open and close with the heartbeat to maintain one-way flow of blood through the heart tricuspid valve — located between right atrium and right ventricle mitral (bicuspid) valve — located between left atrium and left ventricle pulmonary semilunar valve — opening from right ventricle to pulmonary artery aortic valve — located between left ventricle and aorta

Layers of the Heart endocardium myocardium epicardium membrane that lines the interior cavities of the heart myocardium Thick, muscular layer epicardium Outer membrane Pericardium is the loose, protective sac that surrounds and encloses the heart

Structures of the Heart

Blood Vessels “oxygenated” “un-oxygenated” Cappillaries Aorta Venules Tiniest of vessels that join the arteries & veins Venules Small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins Veins Carry blood from the veins to the heart. Aorta Large artery branching from the ventricle Arteries Vessels that carry blood from the heart to… Arterioles Small vessels receive blood from arteries

Exception to the rule The pulmonary artery carries “un-oxygenated” blood to the lungs from the right ventricle Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the pulmonary veins into the left atrium

Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary Arteries & Angiogram /c stent https://youtu.be/-BuazAhs7uA https://youtu.be/I45kJJoCa6s

Blood Pressure & The Heart *The heart is a pump Force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of the arteries, veins and heart chambers Determined by the volume (think of hemorrhagic pt or dissecting aneurysm) of blood, the space within the arteries and arterioles, and the force of the heart contractions

Blood Pressure Terms Systole (aka systolic) Diastole (aka diastolic) period in the cardiac cycle when the heart is in contraction and blood is ejected through the aorta and pulmonary artery Diastole (aka diastolic) period in the cardiac cycle when blood enters the relaxed ventricles from the atria normotension normal blood pressure (110/70)

Blood Pressure Medications ACE inhibitors End in …pril Beta Blockers End in ...olol Calcium Channel Blockers End in …ipine Except diltiazem & verapamil Diuretics End in …ide Except spironolactone, aldactone, & chlorthalidone

Electrical Conduction of the Heart SA (sinoatrial node) Pacemaker of the heart AV (atrioventricular node) Bundle of His Purkinje fibers

Types of Aneurysms

Additional Terms to Know… Hypo /hypertension Arteriosclerosis Atherosclerosis Thrombus vs embolus Stenosis, constriction, occlusion, ischemia Infarct Angina pectoris Claudication Vegitation Palpitation Not to be confused with palpate

Additional Terms to Know… Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia Fibrillation Heart block Cardiomyopathy Congenital anomaly of the heart ASD (atrial septal defect) CHF CAD HTN MI DVT Myocarditis, pericarditis, & phlebitis

Additional Terms to Know… Auscultation ECG or EKG ICD Cardioversion Pacemaker This project was funded at $3,000,000 (100% of its total cost) from a grant awarded under the Trade Adjustment Assistance Community College and Career Training Grants, as implemented by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment and Training Administration. Rogue Community College is an equal opportunity employer/program. Auxiliary aids and services, alternate form and language services are available to individuals with disabilities and limited English proficiency free of cost upon request.   This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.