Industrial Revolution

1750 – Before Revolution The way clothes were made – textile making Women spinners spun wool or flax (a plant) This made yarn (thread) Men wove the yarn into cloth Tailors made cloth into diff clothes So, spinning weaving clothes This was done at home

Cottage industry Wives worked downstairs, spinning Women used spinning-wheel Men worked upstairs, weaving Men used a hand loom to weave ‘hanks’ of yarn into cloth Called the domestic system Also called the ‘cottage industry’ When population increased, greater demand for more clothes

Inventions for spinning James Hargreaves – spinning jenny Could spin 8 threads at once Richard Arkwright invented water frame Didn’t need people to spin anymore It was a water-powered machine – 100s of thread at once

Inventions for weaving John Kay – Flying Shuttle Doubled the speed of weaving Edmund Cartwright – power loom Used steam power to weave cloth People not needed to do the weaving

Factories But these machines big and expensive People couldn’t afford them So big factories built by rich people Domestic system people could not compete Had to come and work in the factories Got a lot less money for this

Steam Engine Most important invention of Industrial Rev Newcomen invented a steam engine Used to pump water out of flooded mines But James Watt in 1763 used the steam engine to turn a wheel Crucial

How it works coal burns – produces steam steam v high pressure – think of a kettle pressure creates energy – used to pull a wheel now steam engines were used to work factory machines will also be used to drive trains and ships

Coal Vital to Indus rev now – why? Needed to drive the steam engine Coal mines around Britain – cities set up round them One reason why indust rev starts in Britain

Iron - 1 Iron need in factories – why? Used to make the machines Iron is found in rock – called iron ore Needs to be separated from the rock Burned in a blast furnace Smelts the iron-ore

Iron - 2 The iron is then used to make wrought iron (easy to shape) …or steel But what was used to burn the furnace? Coke What was coke? It was made from coal Abraham Darby discovered how to convert coal to coke

Recap Hargreaves – Spinning Jenny; Arkwright – water frame Cottage Industry in 1750 – spinning and weaving Hargreaves – Spinning Jenny; Arkwright – water frame For weaving: Flying shuttle and power loom Watt’s steam engine Coal and iron become main raw materials