GOMOS measurements of O3, NO2, and NO3 compared to model simulations

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GOMOS measurements of O3, NO2, and NO3 compared to model simulations by the specified dynamics WACCM-model E. Kyrölä, M. E. Andersson, P. Verronen, M. Laine Finnish Meteorological Institute, Earth Observation Unit, Helsinki, Finland D. R. Marsh, A. K. Smith National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA

Motivation Outline WACCM and GOMOS Method WACCM-GOMOS O3, NO2 ,NO3 Models are widely used to analyse and predict the state of atmosphere. How close are model simulations to measurements? Outline WACCM and GOMOS Method WACCM-GOMOS O3, NO2 ,NO3 WACCM-D in Arctic Summary

Community Earth System Model (CESM) WACCM validated version 4 (CESM 1.0.5) Specified dynamics mode (SD): MERRA up to 50 km Enhanced by Medium Energy Electrons (MEE): 30-300 keV From surface up to 150 km, 88 levels Neutral chemistry model for the MA Ion chemistry in the MLT Auroral processes, SPEs EUV and non-LTE long wave radiation Imposed QBO, based on winds Volcanic aerosol heating Gravity wave drag deposition Molecular diff. and constituent separation WACCM A T M O S P H E R E COUPLER OCEAN SEA ICE LAND

GOMOS 2002-2012 880 000 measurements 000 night occs. 430 000 day occs. (not used here) +self-calibration +coverage (180 stars) +vertical resolution +night -S/N low -GOMOS CCD: sensitive to protons Sirius, the brightest star in the sky

Method Because of non-uniform distribution (time-space) of GOMOS measurements a climatological comparison leads to problems. Instead we compare every GOMOS (night) profile to the nearest latitude-longitude-time cell of WACMM. This eliminates the sampling problem. Latitude difference <0.9 deg., longitudinal difference <1.25 deg. and time difference <15 min. Excellent co-location. Comparisons in mixing ratio on pressure grid of WACCM. GOMOS number densities transformed by the WACCM neutral density. GOMOS altitudes linked to WACCM grid by WACCM geopotential.

Mid-latitude and global O3 and NO2

Sirius occultations 40S-60S (September) WACCM vs GOMOS ozone 2002-2011 Sirius occultations 40S-60S (September) GOMOS WACCM

<WACCM-GOMOS>/<GOMOS> (%): O3 in Stratosphere Gomos required range: 20-100 km GOMOS well-know positive bias problem in UTLS (Sofieva, AMT, 2016)

(WACCM-GOMOS)/GOMOS (%): O3 in Mesosphere Gomos required range: 20-100 km

Sirius occultations 40S-60S (September) WACCM vs GOMOS NO2 2002-2011 Sirius occultations 40S-60S (September)

<WACCM-GOMOS>/<GOMOS> (%): NO2 in Stratosphere Gomos required range: 25-50 km

WACCM vs GOMOS NO3 2002-2011 Sirius occultations 40S-60S (September)

<WACCM-GOMOS>/<GOMOS> (%): NO3 in Stratosphere

WACCM-D: Halloween event in Arctic: O3 and NO2 WACCM-D: Ionospheric D-region chemistry: 307 reactions, 20 positive ions, 21 negative ions See Verronen et al., JAME, 2016 Andersson et al., JGRD, 2016

SD-WACCM-D versions Verronen et al. , JAMES, 2016 Andersson et al SD-WACCM-D versions Verronen et al., JAMES, 2016 Andersson et al., JGR, 2016 WACCM-D: D-region ion chemistry: 307 new reactions, 22+20 ions BASIC: SD-WACCM (v. 4) MEE: SD-WACCM + medium energy electrons (POES) D-MEE: SD-WACCM+ D ion chemistry + MEE (POES)

2003 Halloween storm: O3 November 15-30, 70N-90N Similar to the mid-latitude result

2003 Halloween storm: NO2 November 15-30, 70N-90N

Strong mesospheric descent: NO2 25.1.-5.2. 2004, 75N-85 N

Summary GOMOS and WACCM O3 compare well in stratosphere. WACCM values are 2-6 % smaller than GOMOS. In the mesosphere WACCM fails to produce the strength of the second ozone peak. GOMOS and WACCM NO2 compare well in the stratosphere outside the polar areas. GOMOS is 5-15 % smaller than WACCM. GOMOS and WACCM NO3 compare well in the stratosphere. GOMOS is 0-20 % smaller than WACCM. In the polar areas standard WACCM fails to reach the elevated NO2 amounts. WACCM-D provides better NO2 comparisons during particle events in polar regions. During the strong downdraft event January 2004 the huge NO2 values are not simulated by WACCM.