BRIEFING 4: CHAPTER 3 - METHODOLOGY ERT 445 – FINAL YEAR PROJECT BRIEFING 4: CHAPTER 3 - METHODOLOGY Munira Bt Mohamed Nazari School of Bioprocess Engineering Universiti Malaysia Perlis Free Powerpoint Templates

CO 3 Ability to formulate research methodology incorporating clear fundamentals, theories and benchmarked against standard practices governing the research project.

INTRODUCTION Now you are actually talking about what you are proposing. Again, be sure that this follows naturally from the Introduction in which you should have set up and highlighted some critical issue that needs to be resolved. What you should do now is to tell the reader how you would resolve this issue.

PURPOSE This section will provides a written description of the specific actions, plan, or strategy you will take to answer your research questions.

CONTENTS This section should describe the proposed method for the experiment, including Design, Equipment will be used, and Procedure that will be followed. should specify the variables (independent and dependent) that will be used in the experiment.

DESIGN In this subsection of the method section, entitled “Design”, you present your plan or strategy to be used to investigate your research questions. You must include a separate design section if your design is complicated; otherwise you can put in your procedure section.

DESIGN The following is included in the design section: Type of design and design layout of your study (e.g., you might use a pretest-posttest control-group design). Description of all the variables being examined in your study. Description of how your variables are to be combined. Description of the points of measurement and manipulation in the design.

APPARATUS AND/OR INSTRUMENTS In this subsection of the method section you describe any apparatus and or instruments you propose to use in your research study. The following information should be included: General description of the apparatus or instruments. Variables measured by instruments. Reliability and validity of instruments. Why the instruments or apparatus are used. Reference indicating where apparatus or instruments can be obtained.

PROCEDURE In this subsection of the method section of your proposal, you carefully describe how your study will be executed. The following information should be included in the procedure section: A description of the design if it was not previously described. A detailed step-by-step description of how the study will be executed.

PROCEDURE The reader should know exactly what you intend to do after reading this description. It should include enough information to tell the reader how to do the study if he or she wanted to replicate it.

RUBRIC NO CRITERIA EXEMPLARY (4) PROFICIENT (3) ACCEPTABLE (2) UNACCEPTABLE (1) 1 Rational of Techniques Used -All techniques used during the experiment very well explained. -All techniques used during the experiment were explained. -Some techniques used during the experiment were not explained clearly. -Some techniques used during the experiment were not explained. 2 Understanding of Concept and Principle -Demonstrate an in-depth understanding of concept and principles of each method. -Demonstrate an understanding of concept and principles of each method. -Demonstrate an inadequate understanding of concept and principles of each method. -Unable to demonstrate understanding of methodology concept. 3 Sequence -Actions well presented in a logical sequence. -Actions presented in a logical sequence. -Some of the actions are not presented in a logical sequence. -Actions were not presented in a logical sequence. 4 Materials -All the materials used were included and clearly described. -The materials used were included generally. -Some of the materials used were included. -None of the materials used were included. 5 Grammar and Sentence Structure -No errors in spelling and grammar. Appropriate tenses were used. -Seldom errors in spelling and grammar. Appropriate tenses were used. -Frequent errors in spelling and grammar. Appropriate tenses were used partly. -Abundance of errors in spelling and grammar. No appropriate tenses were used.

EXAMPLE OF FLOW CHART (Procedure) (Pump volumetric rate, DO probe, diffuser, etc) Setting up the instruments Step 1: Add water 5 L to a 10 L water tank. Step 2: Remove O2 from water using sodium sulphite solution. Step 3: Add O2 by air pump Step 4: Record the DO concentration for every 30 seconds Step 5: Calculate & plot graph of ln [(C*AL - CAL1) / (C*AL - CAL2) ] against time (min) Step 6: Repeat step 1 to 7 with different variables( air flow rates, diffuser’s hole size, salinity) Step 7: Repeat step 1 to 7 with multiple variables. Step 8: Step 9: Designing the aeration system.

Sampling Bacteria Source Pre - Treatment Testing Using RCM Medium in Serum Bottle Evaluation H2 Potential Active Inoculum Stock Culture Optimization Studies Inoculum Development pH Characterization of Agriculture Waste Kinetic Study Dark Fermentation No 1 2 Yes

Any questions?

DATE OF SUBMISSION 1/11/13 3 pm REMINDER DATE OF SUBMISSION 1/11/13 3 pm

THANK YOU